1.
See-through software
Using logs, metrics and visualization to see your app at
runtime and share your vision with others

2.
The best technical solutions are ones that
solve for human relationships

3.
Opaque software suffers
from a lack of focus on the
operations user experience

4.
Software is opaque by default

5.
Software is opaque by default
What's it doing?

6.
Software is opaque by default
Is it going well?

7.
Software is opaque by default
When's it going to be done?

8.
Software is opaque by default
Does it need me to do anything?

9.
When you write
opaque software

10.
This is the user experience of operations

11.
This is the user experience of support

12.
This is the user experience of your boss

13.
Opaque software leads to
• Misaligned priorities
• Loss of productivity
• A generally "unprofessional" experience for
customers
• The "us vs them" attitude that is the antithesis of
DevOps culture

14.
If you don’t provide facts, you encourage
mythology

15.
See-through software
acknowledges the operations user
experience of the entire
organization

16.
“A good user experience should make a user
feel smart, powerful and safe.”
–Jason Nemec

17.
We feel smart when
• We understand what's going
on
• We understand how to change
things
• Others share our
understanding

18.
We feel powerful when
• We are able to change things
• We see the results of our
changes
• We can find an answer to our
questions

19.
We feel safe when
• We know there isn't a problem
• We know if there is a problem,
we'll be able to understand it
• We can trust others to react on
our behalf

20.
These principles help to
develop a roadmap to
improving transparency

21.
Transparent software gets
your attention
• Dashboarding
• Alerting

22.
Transparent software takes
on a shape
• Graphing
• Modeling

23.
Transparent software tells
stories
• Logging
• Auditing
• Reporting

24.
Transparent software responds
interactively to questions
• Ad Hoc Queries
• Post Hoc Analytics

25.
Transparent software is
democratic
• Wikis
• Shared visibility
• Persistent chat rooms

26.
Software does not become transparent
as the result of any single project
• Software evolves; its UX needs to evolve with it
• Insight is rarely easy to produce, and easy to
produce information is rarely insightful
• Insight is frequently driven from the bottom up or
from the outside in

27.
Democratization means
everybody benefits
And everybody has a role to play

28.
"Clearinghouse" services
• Store data for people who
can’t get it themselves
• Collect and persist data from
many different sources
• Provide a single engine for
serving information
• Reduce pressure on critical
infrastructure from interested
users

29.
"Visualization" services
• Provide studio-like tools allow
"non-technical" users feel safe
to experiment
• Allow for rapid, real-time
development of new insights
on old data
• Allow for sharing and
repurposing of insight

30.
The see-through
system at runtime
Logging

31.
Good logs tell a story
• Each statement is a sentence:
it needs verbs and nouns
• Each statement has a setting
-- where, when and who
• It should be simple to
reconstruct the story told by
independent sentences

32.
Aggregate your logs to
create an epic
• Discover systems that are
acting aberrantly
• Correlate errors between
coordinating systems
• Graph meaningful patterns in
your stories

33.
Index your logs to find
interesting stories quickly
• Audit individual chains of
processing from start to finish
• Slice up your reports so they
interest a specific group or
team
• Build new reports quickly to
solve unpredicted needs

34.
Aggregation architecture
Components: log to the fastest, convenient, least likely to
fail store available (e.g. local disk)

35.
Aggregation architecture
Log shippers: asynchronously publish logs to an
aggregator

36.
Aggregation architecture
Aggregator: parse, clean, enrich and store logs

37.
Aggregation architecture
Clearinghouse: hold data and standardize access

38.
Aggregation architecture
Visualization: Allows data to inform and be manipulated
by end users

39.
Log aggregations on private networks
The ELK stack
(Elasticsearch + Logstash + Kibana)

40.
Log aggregation in the Cloud

41.
Developing apps with
log aggregation in mind

42.
• Use Correlation IDs throughout your system
• Don't log secrets
• Build log strategies with shipping and rolling in
mind
• Have a way to capture crashes
• Log using techniques that preserve context, such
as JSON

43.
The see-through
system at runtime
Dashboarding

44.
Focus on UX

45.
Make users feel smart
• Dashboards should inform without a lot of
explanation or prior knowledge
• Dashboards should direct the user to the next step

46.
Make users feel powerful
• Dashboards should update frequently (aim for
<10s)
• Dashboards should help users perform their job
• Dashboards should respond to the user's needs

47.
Make users feel safe
• Dashboards should not overwhelm
• Dashboards accuracy should be known
• Thresholds should be meaningful
• Using a dashboard should not endanger the
running software

48.
How to build a
dashboard item

49.
Are you concerned with a
technical or a business issue?
• Technical: Machine 123 is slow, West Coast users
are slow, we’re moving 80 GB/s
• Business: Client ABC is slow, logins are slow, we’re
moving 1000k orders/s

50.
How does a stressed system look?
How can you tell it from an unstressed system?

51.
What kind of comparisons
do you want to provide?
• Time series vs flat
• Machine vs Machine
• Current vs Previous
• Current vs Threshold

52.
Dashboarding architecture
Metric source: a process within an app that can produce
a numeric value

53.
Dashboarding architecture
Metrics collection API: decouples the collection of metrics
from their publishing; generally still part of the app

54.
Dashboarding architecture
Stats Aggregator: an out-of-process component that
creates aggregate data points from a stream of metrics

55.
Dashboarding architecture
Metrics clearinghouse: hold data and standardize
access

56.
Dashboarding architecture
Visualization: Allows a user to build and correlate graphs

57.
Dashboarding architecture
Dashboarding: Allows a user to share a distilled vision of
data

58.
Dashboarding on private networks
StatsD + Graphite

59.
Dashboarding in the cloud

60.
Developing apps with
dash boarding in mind

61.
• Collect and report everything that’s “free”
• Collect and report deep, valuable application
metrics at runtime
• Understand aggregation and know when to apply it
• Be aware of multiplicative effects of metrics
collection on bandwidth, storage and billing

62.
ScoreKeeper
Gather metrics from existing datasources into statsd/
Graphite

63.
See-through software
• Lets the people whose jobs
depend on software
understand what and how it's
doing.
• Empowers people to ask their
own questions and share their
insights

64.
Help teams become more
successful
• By understanding when
there's a problem
• By focusing energy where it's
needed most
• By talking to customers in a
competent and informed way

65.
@DataMiller