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n ssociatio Transparency A21st Century Civil Society: Implications for Open Government Mary Joyce Latin America Regional Outreach Meeting Open Government Partnership January 10, 2013 | Santiago, Chile

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This presentation is based on 3 propositionsimage: Flickr/Victor1558

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①open government is a partnership between Government and Civil Society image: Flickr/Victor1558

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Civil society is undergoing transformations. ②image: Flickr/Victor1558

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Government will benefit from better③ understanding those transformations.image: Flickr/Victor1558

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2 Questions: 1) What will civil society look like in the digital age? 2) How will these changes affect open government?image: Flickr/Victor1558

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Historic Civil Society “bricks and mortar” Transparency Associationimage: Flickr/cdsessum

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Historic Civil Society Member Mobilization Model Transparency Association Staff Formal Organization Membersimage: Flickr/cdsessum

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Historic Civil Society Collaboration in the Member Mobilization Model Transparency Association Governance Associationimage: Flickr/cdsessum

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Historic Civil Society Member Funding Model Transparency Association Staff Formal Organization Members Governmentimage: Flickr/cdsessum

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Digital technology challenges both of these models.image: Flickr/Victor1558

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Reductions in Group Affiliation ① image: Flickr/prayitno

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images: Pew Research Center, The Australian, House of Commons Library, The Asian-Pacific Journal: Japan Focus

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Transformations in Civil Society Reductions in Group Affiliation Transparency Associationimage: Flickr/cdsessum

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Fewer Donations ②image: Flickr/xornalcerto

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Transformations in Civil Society Fewer Donations Transparency Association Source: Karpf, D. (2012) The Moveon Effect: The Unexpected Transformation of American Political Advocacyimage: Flickr/cdsessum

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While old civil society organizations have less members and less money, new types of organizations are emerging.image: Flickr/Victor1558

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Earthquake hits Sichuan Province, China Monday, 2:28pm May12th, 2008image: Flickr/China Photos/Getty Images

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Because of corruption, school buildings did not meet safety codes and thousands of children died. Yet the government refused to acknowledge their deaths.image: Shiho Fukada/http://www.shihofukada.com

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Using his blog, artist Ai Weiwei organizes a team of volunteers totravel to Sichuan and collect the names of the children who died. image: unknown source

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Using the Internet, the network of volunteers worked for 1 year.They collected 5,385 names and forced the Chinese government to publicly report the death toll. Then the organization ended. image: Ai Weiwei

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Civil society used to look like this: Transparency Association Staff Formal Organization Membersimage: Flickr/cdsessum

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Now it also looks like this: Transparency Association Staff Formal Organization Membersimage: Flickr/cdsessum

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Now it also looks like this: Transparency Association Staff Formal Organization Members No single physical location. Small staff or no staff.image: Flickr/cdsessum

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What are the main characteristics of 21st century civil society? 1) Digital 2) Fast 3) Decentralized 4) Participatoryimage: Flickr/Victor1558 5) Cheap

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① Digital: the new civil society infrastructure image: Flickr/sjcockell

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The connective infrastructure of civil society was once the formal ONG. Transparency Association

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The connective infrastructure of civil society was once the formal ONG. Transparency Association Now that infrastructure is also being provided by social media. Source: Bennett W. L., and Segerberg, A., (2012) “The Logic of Connective Action,” Information, Communication & Society

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They don’t need to ONG to connect them. They can connect with each other directly.image: Flickr/Victor1558

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FastQuic ker tquick o mo er to bilize dispe , r se ②

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#YoSoy132: multi-city protestsmobilized in 8 days image: Wikipedia

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“In the past, it might have taken 10 days for an official involved in a sex scandal to lose his job. This time he was gone in 66 hours.” - Journalist Zhu Ruifeng on the effect of viral videos, photos, and online rumors on on the firing of Lei Zhengfu Source: Jacobs, A (Dec. 26, 2012) “Chinese Officials Find Misbehavior New Carries Cost,” The New York Timesimage: Flickr/alaina.buzas

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The average age of the organizations that assisted with the 15Mprotests was 3 years, many times less than organizations responsiblefor previous mass mobilizations (10-40 years).Source: Anduiza E., Christancho, C., and Sabuecho J. (2011) “the political protests on the outraged in Spain: what’s new?’ image: Flickr/furlin

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Mobilizations are faster. Organizations are younger.image: Flickr/Victor1558

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Decentralized Participants are less geographically③ concentrated. image: Flickr/ArmandoH2O

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Online platforms aggregate action across geographies.

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Less Activism is LocalIn a recent study of over 800 digital activism cases from 80 countries, only 8% of cases were purely local,with 92% eventually gained national or international attention and participation.Source: Global Digital Activism Data Set, Digital Activism Research Project at the University of Washington (www.digital-activism.org) 8% Local 92% National or International image: Mary Joyce

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Action occurs wherever participants are located, rather than location dictating the possibility of participation. New York Atlanta Berlin Paris Vancouverimage: Flickr/foxtongue, Björn Kietzmann, looking4poetry, Pazarm, Hiloxy, harrystaab

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④ Participatory Campaigns without ownership, rigid leadership, or barriers to joining image: Flickr/xavi tellada

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Participatory Civil Society •easily personalized ideas and action frames • allow people to participate on their own terms • sharing campaigning values with peers via memes and slogans and targeting demands to decision-makersSource: Bennett W. L., and Segerberg, A., (2012) “TheLogic of Connective Action,” Information, Communication& Society

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self-organized in 900 global cities image: Flickr/bogieharmond

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Successful ONG allow don’t command, they suggest and inspire

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⑤ Cheap Infrastructure ofinformation, collaboration, and mobilization is near-free image: Flickr/Elvert Barnes

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Possibility of delinking money and power image: Flickr/Elvert Barnes

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Let’s review...image: Flickr/Victor1558

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Historic Civil Society Formal Organization with Members and Unaffiliated Citizens Transparency Associationimage: Flickr/cdsessum

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21st Century Civil Society Less Formal Membership Transparency Associationimage: Flickr/cdsessum

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21st Century Civil Society Fast, Large-Scale Mobilization by Formal Organizations Transparency Association Fewer members, greater capacity for mobilizationimage: Flickr/cdsessum

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21st Century Civil Society Fast, Large-Scale Mobilization without Organizations Transparency Association Larger but less durable associationsimage: Flickr/cdsessum

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What are the implications for open government?image: Flickr/Victor1558

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① Lack of clear or durable counter-parties. tion Associa rency Transpaimage: Flickr/Victor1558

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② ② People still believe in government and want it to be more effective. 1 in 5 campaigns in the University of Washington’s digital activism study were explicitly focused on governance issues. Source: Global Digital Activism Data Set, Digital Activism Research Project at the University of Washington (www.digital-activism.org)image: Flickr/Victor1558

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These groups are also vibrant and passionate constituencies to support the work of open government and the politicians who undertake it. ③image: Flickr/Victor1558

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④ 21st century civil society is a partner for open government.They have the desire and capacity to make open government work. image: Flickr/Victor1558

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Thank You! Mary Joyce www.digital-activism.org mjoyce@uw.eduimage: Flickr/Victor1558