1. © 2017 IBM Corporation
Blockchain 101
An Introduction to Blockchain for Government Officials
Explained
V5.0
By: Marquis Cabrera
Global Leader of Digital Government Transformation
IBM Global Government Solutions Center of Competence
Date: August 30, 2017
Twitter: @MarquisCabrera
IBM Global Government Industry

2. © 2017 IBM Corporation© 2017 IBM Corporation
“If you are not trying
to help people, crawl
over and die.” –
Former First Lady
Michelle Obama 2

3. © 2017 IBM Corporation© 2017 IBM Corporation
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Helping to activate citizen driven innovation in child welfare
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Joined IBM to programrobots to dab and change the world
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Contents
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What is Blockchain?
Why is it relevant for
governments?
How can IBM help us
apply blockchain?

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Business networks, wealth and markets
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– Business Networks benefit from connectivity
• Participants are customers, suppliers,
banks, partners
• Cross geography & regulatory boundary
– Wealth is generated by the flow of
goods & services across business
network in transactions and contracts
– Markets are central to this process:
• Public (fruit market, car auction), or
• Private (supply chain financing, bonds)

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Bartering still happens at today – Burning Man
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Transferring assets, building value
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Two fundamental
types of asset
Intangible assets
subdivide
Cash is also
an asset
• Tangible, e.g. a house
• Intangible, e.g. a mortgage
• Financial, e.g. bond
• Intellectual, e.g. patents
• Digital, e.g. music
• Has property of anonymity
Anything that is capable of being owned or controlled to produce value, is an asset

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Ledgers are key
Ledger is THE system of record for a business.
Business will have multiple ledgers for multiple
business networks in which they participate.
– Transaction – an assettransfer onto or
off the ledger
• John gives a car to Anthony (simple)
– Contract – conditions for transaction to occur
• If Anthony pays John money, then car passes
from John to Anthony (simple)
• If car won't start, funds do not pass to John (as
decided by third party arbitrator) (more
complex)
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11. Introducing Blockchain ...
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© 2017 IBM Corporation
Blockchain
A trusted,
distributed
ledger
with shared
business
processes

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Problem …
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… inefficient, expensive, vulnerable
Insurer
records
Auditor
records
Regulator
records
Participant
A’s records
Bank
records
Participant
B’s records

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… with consensus, provenance, immutability and finality
Auditor
records
Regulator
records
Bank
records
Participant
B’s records
Blockchain
Insurer
records
Participant
A’s records
A shared, replicated, permissioned ledger …
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Blockchain underpins Bitcoin
• An unregulated shadow-currency
• The firstblockchain application
• Resource intensive
Blockchain for business differs in key areas:
• Identity over anonymity
• Selective endorsement over proof of work
• Assets over cryptocurrency
is:
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Requirements of blockchain for business
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Append-only
distributed system of
record shared across
business network
Business terms
embedded in
transaction
database
& executed with
transactions
Transactions are
endorsed by
relevant
participants
Ensuring appropriate
visibility; transactions
are secure,
authenticated
& verifiable Privacy
Shared
ledger
Smart
contract
Trust

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Blockchain Benefits

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Contents
17
What is Blockchain?
Why is it relevant for
governments?
How can IBM help us
apply blockchain?

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Example:
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Record
Record
Record
Public Key
Public Key
Public Key
Record Public Key
Record Public Key

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Example: Volunteers with Papers
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© 2017 IBM Corporation
Record
Record
Record
Public Key
Public Key
Public Key
Record Public Key
Record Public Key

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© 2017 IBM Corporation
Blockchain is creating extraordinary opportunities
for businesses to come together in new ways
Optimize Ecosystems
Streamline business processes
and the exchange of value along
your ecosystem
Reduce Risk
Replaceuncertainty
with transparency and a
trusted decentralized ledger
Create New Value
Exploit new business
models and eliminate
inefficiencies

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Benefits
1. Consolidated, consistent
dataset reduces errors
2. Near real-time access to
reference data
3. Naturally supports code
editing and routing code
transfers between
participants
What • Competitors/collaborators ina business network need
to share reference data, e.g. bank routing codes
• Each member maintains their own codes,
and forwards changes to a central authority for
collectionand distribution
• An information subsetcan be owned by organizations
How • Each participant maintains theirown codes withina
Blockchain network
• Blockchain creates single view of entire dataset
Example:
Shared reference data
IBM Blockchain

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Benefits
1. Lowers cost of audit and
regulatory compliance
2. Provides “seek and find”
access to auditors and
regulators
3. Changes nature of
compliance from
passive to active
What • Financial data in a large organization dispersed
throughout many divisions and geographies
• Audit and Compliance needs indelible recordof all
key transactions overreporting period
How • Blockchain collects transaction records from diverse
set of financial systems
• Append-only and tamperproof qualities create high
confidence financial audit trail
• Privacy features to ensure authorized user access
Example:
Audit and compliance
IBM Blockchain

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Further examples by (selected) industry
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Financial Public Sector Retail Insurance Manufacturing
• Trade Finance
• Cross currency
payments
• Mortgages
• Asset
Registration
• CitizenIdentity
• Medical records
• Medicine supply
chain
• Supply chain
• Loyalty
programs
• Information
sharing
(supplier–
retailer)
• Claims
processing
• Risk provenance
• Asset usage
history
• Claims file
• Supply chain
• Product parts
• Maintenance
tracking

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Patterns for customer adoption
COMPLIANCE
LEDGER
CONSORTIUM
SHARED LEDGER
ASSET
EXCHANGE
HIGH VALUE
MARKET
• Created by a small set of participants
• Share key reference data
• Consolidated, consistentreal-time view
• Sharing of assets (voting, dividendnotification)
• Assets are information, not financial
• Provenance & finalityare key
• Transfer of high value financial assets
• Betweenmany participants in a market
• Regulatory timeframes
• Real-time view of compliance, audit & risk data
• Provenance, immutability & finalityare key
• Transparent access to auditor & regulator
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© 2017 IBM Corporation

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Key players for blockchain adoption
Regulator Industry Group Market Maker
• An organization who enforces
the rules of play
• Regulators are keen to support
Blockchain based innovations
• Concern is systemic risk – new
technology, distributed data,
security
• Often funded by members of a
business network
• Provide technical advice on
industry trends
• Encourages best practiceby
making recommendations to
members
• In financial markets, takes buy-
side and sell-side to provide
liquidity
• More generally, the organization
who innovates
- Creates a new good or service,
and business process (likely)
- Creates a new business process
for an existing good or service

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Contents
26
What is Blockchain?
Why is it relevant for
governments?
How can IBM help us
apply blockchain?

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IBM
Blockchain
Experts
Collaborate with
comprehensive
services teamsfrom
ideation all the way
to production
Solutions
Solve critical
industry challenges
by building and
joining new
business networks
As a founding and
premier member of
Hyperledger, we’re
committedto open
source, standards
and governance
Platform
Develop, govern and
operate enterprise
blockchain networks
with speed and
security
Bringing together the world’s
most advanced expertise,
technology and ecosystem to
transform industries
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© 2017 IBM Corporation

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Hyperledger: A Linux Foundation project
• A collaborative effort created to advance cross-industry
blockchain technologies for business
• Announced December 2015, now around 150 members
• Open source, open standards, open governance
• Five frameworks and three tools projects
• IBM is a premier member of Hyperledger
www.hyperledger.org
Brian Behlendorf
Executive Director
Blythe Masters
Board Chair
Chris Ferris
TSC Chair

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Hyperledger members
Premier General
Associate
Source: https://www.hyperledger.org/about/members
Updated 21 August 2017

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Hyperledger Fabric: Distributed ledger platform
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• An implementation of blockchain technology that
is a foundation for developing blockchain
applications
• Emphasis on ledger, smart contracts, consensus,
confidentiality, resiliency and scalability.
• V1.0 released July 2017
– 159 developers from 27 organizations
– IBM is one contributor of code, IP and
development effort to Hyperledger Fabric
http://hyperledger-fabric.readthedocs.io/

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Making blockchain real for business with over
400 engagements and multiple active networks
Trade Finance Pre and Post Trade Complex RiskCoverage
Identity/ Know your customer (KYC) Unlisted Securities/ Private Equity Funds Loyalty Program
Medicated Health Data Exchange Fraud/ Compliance Registry Distributed Energy/ CarbonCredit
Supply Chain Food Safety Provenance/ Traceability

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IBM Engagement Model overview
1. Discuss Blockchain
technology
2. Explore customer
business model
3. Show Blockchain
Application demo
1. Understand Blockchain
concepts & elements
2. Hands on with
Blockchain on Bluemix
3. Standard demo
customization
1. Design Thinking
workshop to define
business challenge
2. Agile iterations
incrementally build
project functionality
3. Enterprise integration
1. Scale up pilot or Scale
out to newprojects
2. Business Process
Re-engineering
3. Systems Integration
Remote Digital Face to face Face to face
Let’s
Talk
Blockchain
Hands-on
First
Project
Scale

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Getting started on your blockchain journey
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Learn More About
IBM Blockchain
Schedule an IBM
Blockchain Workshop
Develop a Blockchain
Application
Activate and Grow your
Blockchain Network

34. © 2017 IBM Corporation
Personal Story
What are these ingredients??
• Atta (chapati flour)
•Einkorn (type of wheat)
•Emmer (type of wheat)
•Farina
•Fu (a dried gluten product
made from wheat and used in
some Asian dishes)

35. Thank you
Marquis Cabrera
Global Leader of Digital Government Transformation
www.ibm.com/blockchain
developer.ibm.com/blockchain
www.hyperledger.org
© Copyright IBM Corporation 2017. All rights reserved. The information contained inthese
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