1. 1
Mark
Proctor
Project Lead
The SkyNet funding bill is passed.
The system goes online on August 4th, 1997.
Human decisions are removed from strategic defense.
SkyNet begins to learn at a geometric rate.
It becomes self-aware at 2:14am Eastern time, August 29th
In a panic, they try to pull the plug.
And, Skynet fights back
9. 9
S ample Indus tries and Us ers
Inve s tm e nt
Mille nniu m Inve s tm e nt G rou p (M IG )
Logis tics
Fed ex
Airline
S ab re
M ortgage
F ranklin Am e rican
H e alth care
OSDE
10. 10
B oot C amps
S an F rancis co 2009 (40+ atte nd e e s )
S p ons ore d b y Th ird P illar
S u n, F AM C , O S D E , Kas e ya, F e d e x, TU G rou p , Inte rm ou ntain
H e alth care , G ap , S ony P ictu re s , Lockh e e d Martin, Kais e r, H P ,
We lls F argo, U S N avy R e s e arch , F O LIO fn, Boe ing .....
S an D ie go 201 0 (80+ atte nd e s s )
S p ons ore d b y U S N avy
5 d ay e ve nt, with 2 d ays focu s on th e h e alth care ind u s try
O S D E , AT&T, S AIC , U S N avy R e s e arch , Kais e r, C linica,
Inte rm ou ntain H e alth care , G E H e alth care , VA, Boe ing,
N ationwid e ....
12. 12
generic Rules and proces s es
?
Decision
Services
SCOPE
Process
specific
Rules
tightly coupled COUPLING loosely coupled
13. 13
Integrated S ys tems
Drools JBPM5 Drools Drools
Expert (Drools Flow) Fusion Guvnor
Drools Drools Drools Drools
Planner Grid Semantics Chance
Business Logic integration System
14. 14
Declarative Programming
P rod u ction R u le S ys te m s P R D (forward ch aining)
R e active
wh e n Alarm ( s tatu s = = “ale rt” )
th e n s e nd ( “warning” )
Logic P rogram m ing LP (b ackward ch aining)
Q u e ry
d e s ce nd ant( “m ary”, “j ”)
ane
F u nctional P rogram m ing F P
Map ,F old , F ilte r
avg([1 2, 1 6, 4, 6])
R e tu rns s ingle valu e 9.5
rou nd ([1 0.3, 4.7, 7.8] )
R e tu rns Lis t [1 0, 5, 8]
D e s crip tion Logic
P e rs on H as N am e and
15. 15
C las s es
C a s h f lo w
A cco u n t
D a te d a te
lo n g a c c o u n t N o
d o u b le a m o u n t
d o u b le b a la n c e
in t t y p e
lo n g a c c o u n t N o
A c c o u n t in g P e r io d
D a te s ta r t
D a te e n d
16. 16
C redit C as hflow Rule
select * from Account acc,
Cashflow cf, AccountPeriod ap
where acc.accountNo == cf.accountNo and
cf.type == CREDIT
cf.date >= ap.start and
cf.date <= ap.end
trigger : acc.balance += cf.amount
rule “increase balance for AccountPeriod Credits”
when
ap : AccountPeriod()
acc : Account( $accountNo : accountNo )
CashFlow( type == CREDIT,
accountNo == $accountNo,
date >= ap.start && <= ap.end,
$ammount : ammount )
then
acc.balance += $amount;
end
17. 17
Rules as a “ view”
CashFlow AccountingPeriod
date amount type accountNo start end
12-Jan-07 100 CREDIT 1 01-Jan-07 31-Mar-07
2-Feb-07 200 DEBIT 1
18-May-07 50 CREDIT 1 Account
9-Mar-07 75 CREDIT 1 accountNo balance
1 0
rule “increase balance for AccountPeriod rule “decrease balance for AccountPeriod
Credits” Debits”
when when
ap : AccountPeriod() ap : AccountPeriod()
acc : Account( $accountNo : accountNo ) acc : Account( $accountNo : accountNo )
CashFlow( type == CREDIT, CashFlow( type == DEBIT,
accountNo == $accountNo, accountNo == $accountNo,
date >= ap.start && <= ap.end, date >= ap.start && <= ap.end,
$ammount : ammount ) $ammount : ammount )
then then
acc.balance += $amount; acc.balance -= $amount;
end CashFlow end CashFlow
date amount type date amount type
12-Jan-07 100 CREDIT 2-Feb-07 200 DEBIT
9-Mar-07 75 CREDIT
Account
accountNo balance
1 -25
18. 18
Definitions
p u b lic clas s Ap p licant {
p rivate S tring nam e ;
p rivate int age ;
p rivate b oole an valid ;
/ ge tte r and s e tte r m e th od s h e re
/
}
rule "Is of valid age" when
$a : Applicant( age < 18 )
then
modify( $a ) { valid = false };
ends
19. 19
B uilding
Knowle d ge Bu ild e r kb u ild e r = Knowle d ge Bu ild e rF actory.ne wK nowle d ge Bu ild e r();
kb u ild e r.ad d ( R e s ou rce F actory
.ne wC las s P ath R e s ou rce ( "lice ns e Ap p lication.d rl", ge tC las s () ),
R e s ou rce Typ e .D R L );
if ( kb u ild e r.h as E rrors () ) {
S ys te m .e rr.p rintln( kb u ild e r.ge tE rrors ().toS tring() );
}
kb as e .ad d K nowle d ge P ackage s ( kb u ild e r.ge tKnowle d ge P ackage s () );
21. 21
E xecuting
rule "Is of valid age" when
$a : Applicant( age < 18 )
then
modify( $a ) { valid = false };
ends
S tate le s s K nowle d ge S e s s ion ks e s s ion = kb as e .ne wS tate le s s Knowle d ge S e s s ion();
Ap p licant ap p licant = ne w Ap p licant( "M r Joh n S m ith ", 1 6 );
as s e rtTru e ( ap p licant.is Valid () );
ks e s s ion.e xe cu te ( ap p licant );
as s e rtF als e ( ap p licant.is Valid () );
22. 22
Definitions
p u b lic clas s R oom {
p rivate S tring nam e
/ ge tte r and s e tte r m e th od s h e re
/
}
p u b lic clas s S p rinkle r {
p rivate R oom room ;
p rivate b oole an on;
/ ge tte r and s e tte r m e th od s h e re
/
}
p u b lic clas s F ire {
p rivate R oom room ;
/ ge tte r and s e tte r m e th od s h e re
/
}
p u b lic clas s Alarm {
23. 23
Definitions
ru le "Wh e n th e re is a fire tu rn on th e s p rinkle r" wh e n
F ire ($room : room )
$s p rinkle r : S p rinkle r( room = = $room , on = = fals e )
th e n
m od ify( $s p rinkle r ) { on = tru e };
p rintln( "Tu rn on th e s p rinkle r for room " + $room .nam e );
e nd
ru le "Wh e n th e fire is gone tu rn off th e s p rinkle r" wh e n
$room : R oom ( )
$s p rinkle r : S p rinkle r( room = = $room , on = = tru e )
not F ire ( room = = $room )
th e n
m od ify( $s p rinkle r ) { on = fals e };
p rintln( "Tu rn off th e s p rinkle r for room " + $room .nam e );
24. 24
Definitions
ru le "R ais e th e alarm wh e n we h ave one or m ore fire s " wh e n
e xis ts F ire ()
th e n
ins e rt( ne w Alarm () );
p rintln( "R ais e th e alarm " );
e nd
ru le "C ance l th e alarm wh e n all th e fire s h ave gone " wh e n
not F ire ()
$alarm : Alarm ()
th e n
re tract( $alarm );
p rintln( "C ance l th e alarm " );
e nd
25. 25
Definitions
ru le "S tatu s ou tp u t wh e n th ings are ok" wh e n
not Alarm ()
not S p rinkle r( on = = tru e )
th e n
p rintln( "E ve ryth ing is ok" );
e nd
26. 26
E xecuting
S tring[] nam e s = ne w S tring[]{"kitch e n", "b e d room ", "office ", "livingroom "};
M ap < S tring,R oom > nam e 2room = ne w H as h M ap < S tring,R oom > ();
for( S tring nam e : nam e s ){
R oom room = ne w R oom ( nam e );
nam e 2room .p u t( nam e , room );
ks e s s ion.ins e rt( room );
S p rinkle r s p rinkle r = ne w S p rinkle r( room );
ks e s s ion.ins e rt( s p rinkle r );
}
ks e s s ion.fire AllR u le s ()
> E ve ryth ing is ok
27. 27
E xecuting
F ire kitch e nF ire = ne w F ire ( nam e 2room .ge t( "kitch e n" ) );
F ire office F ire = ne w F ire ( nam e 2room .ge t( "office " ) );
F actH and le kitch e nF ire H and le = ks e s s ion.ins e rt( kitch e nF ire );
F actH and le office F ire H and le = ks e s s ion.ins e rt( office F ire );
ks e s s ion.fire AllR u le s ();
> R ais e th e alarm
> Tu rn on th e s p rinkle r for room kitch e n
> Tu rn on th e s p rinkle r for room office
28. 28
E xecuting
ks e s s ion.re tract( kitch e nF ire H and le );
ks e s s ion.re tract( office F ire H and le );
ks e s s ion.fire AllR u le s ()
> Tu rn off th e s p rinkle r for room office
> Tu rn off th e s p rinkle r for room kitch e n
> C ance l th e alarm
> E ve ryth ing is ok
ru le "S tatu s ou tp u t wh e n th ings are ok" wh e n
not Alarm ()
not S p rinkle r( on = = tru e )
th e n
p rintln( "E ve ryth ing is ok" );
29. 29
C onditional E lements
not Bus( color = “red” )
exists Bus( color = “red” )
forall ( $bus : Bus( color == “red” ) )
forall ( $bus : Bus( floors == 2 )
Bus( this == $bus, color == “red” ) )
30. 30
A ccumulate C E
ru le "accu m u late "
wh e n
$s u m : N u m b e r( intValu e > 1 00 )
from accu m u late ( Bu s ( color = = "re d ", $t : takings )
s u m ( $t ) )
th e n
p rint "s u m is “ + $s u m ;
e nd
32. 32
Decis ion Table
rule "Pricing bracket_10"
when
Driver(age >= 18, age <= 24,
locationRiskProfile == "LOW",
priorClaims == "1")
policy:
Policy(type == "COMPREHENSIVE")
then
policy.setBasePrice(450);
33. 33
Types
Types
Layou t
H orizontal
Ve rtical
Lim ite d e ntry
E xte nd e d e ntry
C ate goris ation
E xp and e d form , contracte d form
M u lti-h it, all h its
M u lti-h it, firs t h it
S ingle h it
38. 38
C ategoris ation
E xpanded form
S ingle colu m n for e ve ry cond ition com b ination
Th e nu m b e r of colu m ns s h ou ld e qu al th e p rod u ct of
th e nu m b e r of s tate s for e ve ry cond ition.
e .g. 2 cond itions , one with 3 s tate s th e oth e r 4 (s e e ab ove ):
3 * 4 = 1 2 com b inations
e .g. 2 cond itions e ach with 3 s tate s and 1 cond ition with 4 s tate s give s :
3 * 3 * 4 = 36 com b inations
40. 40
C ategoris ation
C ontracted form
C ontraction is th e firs t op tim is ation.
R e d u ce s th e nu m b e r of cond ition colu m ns .
R e m ove s im p os s ib le com b inations
If th e s am e actions e xis t for ru le s cove ring all
cond ition s tate s for a give n cond ition th e y can b e
com b ine d and th e cond ition s tate b e com e s
irre le vant.
41. 41
C ategoris ation
C ontracted form – s tage 1
R u le s 2 and 3 are im p os s ib le cond itions
42. 42
C ategoris ation
C ontracted form – s tage 2
M e rge ad j nt colu m n grou p s with id e ntical action p arts
ace
43. 43
C ategoris ation
Multi-hit, all hits
To ge t com p le te re s u lt all ru le s m atch ing ne e d to h ave
th e ir actions e xe cu te d .
C ond ition colu m ns are not m u tu ally e xclu s ive
If th e C ond ition colu m ns are not e xclu s ive , s om e
com b ination of cond itions are p re s e nt in m ore th an
one colu m n, wh ich m ay le ad to am b igu ity or
incons is te ncy.
44. 44
C ategoris ation
Multi-hit, all hits
G ive n a 35 ye ar old with 1 5 ye ars s e rvice
1 . R u le 1 m atch e s , giving 22 d ays
2. R u le 5 m atch e s , giving an ad d itional 3 d ays
3. A total of 25 d ays is as s igne d
45. 45
C ategoris ation
Multi-hit, firs t hit
To ge t com p le te re s u lt th e firs t ru le (from le ft-to-righ t)
m atch ing ne e d s to h ave its action e xe cu te d .
C ond ition colu m ns are not m u tu ally e xclu s ive .
If th e C ond ition colu m ns are not e xclu s ive , s om e
com b ination of cond itions are p re s e nt in m ore th an
one colu m n, wh ich m ay le ad to am b igu ity or
incons is te ncy.
46. 46
C ategoris ation
Multi-hit, firs t hit
G ive n a 35 ye ar old with 1 5 ye ars s e rvice
1 . R u le 4 m atch e s , giving 25 d ays
2. R u le 6 wou ld m atch b u t R u le 4 was th e firs t h it
47. 47
C ategoris ation
S ingle hit
E ach p os s ib le com b ination of cond itions m atch e s
e xactly one , and only one , ru le .
C ond ition colu m ns are m u tu ally e xclu s ive
As th e C ond ition colu m ns are e xclu s ive ; com b inations
of cond itions cannot b e p re s e nt in m ore th an one
colu m n wh ich e lim inate s am b igu ity and
incons is te ncy.
C las s ic form if S ingle -h it is "e xp and e d d e cis ion tab le ";
b u t th is can b e op tim is e d or “contracte d ”.
48. 48
C ategoris ation
S ingle hit
G ive n a 35 ye ar old with 1 5 ye ars s e rvice
1 . R u le 3 m atch e s , giving 25 d ays
2. N o oth e r ru le s m atch
50. 50
Validation & Verification
Deficiency
P re m iu m is £500 if ap p licant age is le s s th an 30
P re m iu m is £300 if Ye ars With ou t C laim is gre ate r th an or e qu al to 1 0 ye ars .
Ap p licant is 29, p re m iu m is £500
Ap p licant h as 1 2 ye ars with ou t claim , p re m iu m is £300
Ap p licant is 29 with 1 2 ye ars with ou t claim , p re m iu m is ?!?
62. 62
TMS and Inference
ru le "Is s u e C h ild Bu s P as s " Couples the logic
wh e n
$p : P e rs on( age < 1 6 )
th e n
ins e rt(ne w C h ild Bu s P as s ( $p ) );
e nd
ru le "Is s u e Ad u lt Bu s P as s " What happens when the Child
stops being 16?
wh e n
$p : P e rs on( age > = 1 6 )
th e n
ins e rt(ne w Ad u ltBu s P as s ( $p ) );
e nd
63. 63
TMS and Inference
Bad
Monolith ic
Le aky
Brittle inte grity - m anu al m ainte nance
64. 64
TMS and Inference
A ru le “logically” ins e rts an ob j ct
e
Wh e n th e ru le is no longe r tru e , th e ob j ct is re tracte d .
e
wh e n
de-couples the logic
$p : P e rs on( age < 1 6 )
th e n
logicalIns e rt( ne w Is C h ild ( $p ) )
e nd
wh e n Maintains the truth by
automatically retracting
$p : P e rs on( age > = 1 6 )
th e n
logicalIns e rt( ne w Is Ad u lt( $p ) )
e nd
65. 65
TMS and Inference
ru le "Is s u e C h ild Bu s P as s "
wh e n
$p : P e rs on( )
Is C h ild ( p e rs on = $p )
th e n
logicalIns e rt(ne w C h ild Bu s P as s ( $p ) );
e nd
The truth maintenance
ru le "Is s u e Ad u lt Bu s P as s " cascades
wh e n
$p : P e rs on( age > = 1 6 )
Is Ad u lt( p e rs on = $p )
th e n
logicalIns e rt(ne w Ad u ltBu s P as s ( $p ) );
e nd
66. 66
TMS and Inference
ru le "Is s u e C h ild Bu s P as s "
wh e n
$p : P e rs on( )
not( C h ild Bu s P as s ( p e rs on = = $p ) )
th e n
re qu e s tC h ild Bu s P as s ( $p ); The truth maintenance
cascades
e nd
67. 67
TMS and Inference
G ood
D e -cou p le knowle d ge re s p ons ib ilitie s
E ncap s u late knowle d ge
P rovid e s e m antic ab s tractions for th os e e ncap s u lation
Inte grity rob u s tne s s – tru th m ainte nance
68. 68
Ques tions ?
D ave Bowm an: All righ t, H AL; I'll go in
th rou gh th e e m e rge ncy airlock.
H AL: With ou t you r s p ace h e lm e t, D ave ,
you 're going to find th at rath e r d ifficu lt.
D ave Bowm an: H AL, I won't argu e with
you anym ore ! O p e n th e d oors !
H AL: D ave , th is conve rs ation can s e rve
no p u rp os e anym ore . G ood b ye .
essor Falken.
oshua.
. The only winning move is not to play. How about a nice game of chess
Editor's Notes
JBoss Enteprise BRMS (new in 2009) Enables critical business rules to be managed in a more centralized manner (e.g. Insurance = policy risk assess and pricing; Heathcare = claims processing annual regulatory changes) Avoids need to otherwise re-code business rules redundantly in multiple applications Leverages JBoss Rules execution engine which has been available for years Adds new browser-based Rules Mgmt app, enabling business users to participate in the review, editing, and maintenance of business rule changes Also adds Repository to provide version management of multiple sets of business rules Supports the deployment of business rules to JBoss middleware platforms and non-JBoss runtime environments
JBoss Enteprise BRMS (new in 2009) Enables critical business rules to be managed in a more centralized manner (e.g. Insurance = policy risk assess and pricing; Heathcare = claims processing annual regulatory changes) Avoids need to otherwise re-code business rules redundantly in multiple applications Leverages JBoss Rules execution engine which has been available for years Adds new browser-based Rules Mgmt app, enabling business users to participate in the review, editing, and maintenance of business rule changes Also adds Repository to provide version management of multiple sets of business rules Supports the deployment of business rules to JBoss middleware platforms and non-JBoss runtime environments