1. Disaster Management

2. Definition of a Disaster
• "An event which afflicts a community, the consequences of which are
beyond the immediate financial, material or emotional resources of
the community”.
• ”An event where ten or more fatalities result from one event which
occurs over a relatively short period of time."

3. Disaster Scale

4. Classification in terms of the number of
fatalities

5. Evaluation of disasters

6. Disaster Management

7. Definition of a Disaster
• Any occurrence that causes damage, ecological disruption, loss of
human life, deterioration of health and health services on a scale,
sufficient to warrant an extraordinary response from outside the
affected community or area. (WHO) .
• A disaster can be defined as an occurrence either nature or man
made that causes human suffering and creates human needs that
victim cannot alleviate without assistance. (American Red Cross)

8. Definition of a Hazard
• Any phenomenon that has the potential to cause disruption or
damage to people and their environment.
• “A hazard is natural event while the disaster is its consequence. A
hazard is perceived natural event which threatens both life and
property…… A disaster is a realization of this hazard.”

9. Disaster Management must be …
• Comprehensive – disaster managers consider and take into account
all hazards, all phases, and all impacts relevant to disasters.
• Progressive – anticipate future disasters and take preventive and
preparatory measures
• Risk-driven – use sound risk management principles (hazard
identification, risk analysis, and impact analysis) in assigning priorities
and resources.
• Integrated – ensure unity of effort among all levels of government
and all elements of a community.

10. Disaster Management must also be …
• Collaborative – create and sustain broad and sincere relationships
among individuals and organizations .
• Coordinated – synchronize the activities to achieve a common purpose.
• Flexible – use creative and innovative approaches in solving disaster
challenges.
• Professional – value a science and knowledge based approach for
continuous improvement.

11. Classification of Disasters

12. Natural Disasters

13. Man-made Disasters

14. Definition of Disaster Management
• Policy and administrative decisions and operational activities that
pertain to various stages of a disaster at all levels. It encompasses all
aspects of planning for, and responding to disasters, including both
pre and post disaster activities.

15. Disaster Management includes…
• Prevention of danger or threat of any disaster.
• Reduction of risk of any disaster or its severity or consequences.
• Capacity-building.
• Preparedness to deal with any disaster.
• Prompt response to any threatening disaster situation or disaster.
• Assessing the severity or magnitude of effects of any disaster.
• Evacuation, rescue and relief.
• Rehabilitation and reconstruction.

16. Capacity Building

18. Phases of Disaster Management

19. Disaster Preparedness
• Disaster preparedness is “a programme of long-term
development activities which goals are to strengthen the
overall capacity and capability of a given organisation to
manage efficiently all types of risks and accidents.

20. Disaster Preparedness includes…
1. Identify the risks .
2. Organise communication
3. Ensure appropriate coordination and response
4. Ensure resource availability
5. Develop public education programmes
6. Coordinate information with the media
7. Perform disaster simulations.

21. 1. Identify the risks
• Identify all potential risks, analyse, assess and
evaluate.
• Explore all vulnerabilities to disasters/emergencies of
Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear and
Environmental (CBRNE) origin

22. 2. Organise Communication
• Be sure to have appropriate warning systems in place to
prepare for the danger and act accordingly to mitigate or
avoid it.

23. 3.Ensure an appropriate coordination and
response mechanism
• Work closely with agencies with a shared operational
interest, e.g. health, water and sanitation with the aim of
avoiding gaps and duplications.
• Be sure to have a clear lead organisation in each sector

24. 4. Ensure resource availability
• Be sure that (all) appropriate resources are mobilised,
available and easily deployable.
• Ideally, a central and up-to-date database is available and
readily shows where all such resources are, what status
they are in and who and how to operate them.

25. 5. Develop public education programmes
• People in the vicinity must be made aware of the risk
from the hazards (e.g. chemical agents) and the
necessary protective actions well-before an emergency
occurs.

26. 6. Coordinate information with news media
• Be sure to have a good working relationship with the
media
• Liaise with the media in the area of risk reduction
advocacy, disaster mitigation preparedness and response.

27. 7. Perform Disaster Simulations
• Be sure to conduct simulation exercises (Discussion-
based, Table top, or Live) to practice how to respond to a
disaster.
• Evaluate and update plans and standard operating
procedures accordingly.

28. Disaster Response
oTo reduce the suffering, limit the spread and consequences of the
disaster – to include:
• Mass evacuation
• Search and rescue
• Emergency medical services
• Securing food and water
• Maintenance of Law & Order
• First aid
• Field care
• Triage
• Tagging
• Identification of Dead

29. Triage
• Required for rapidly classifying the injured on the basis of
the severity of their injuries and their likelihood of their
survival with prompt medical intervention.
• High priority is given to those who's immediate or long-
term prognosis can be changed dramatically with simple
intensive care.

31. Disaster Recovery
oRepatriation: displaced people return to their place of origin.
o Rehabilitation: restoration of basic social functions.
• Providing temporary shelters,
• Stress debriefing for responders and victims,
• Economic Rehabilitation,
• Psycho-social Rehabilitation,
• Scientific Damage Assessment.
Elements of recovery :
• Community recovery (including psychological).
• Infrastructure recovery (services and lifelines).
• Economy recovery ( financial, political ).
• Environment recovery.

32. Disaster Consequences

33. Disaster Mitigation
oPermanent reduction of risk of a disaster, to limit impact
on human suffering and economic assets.
• Primary mitigation - reducing hazard & vulnerability.
• Secondary mitigation- reducing effects of hazard.