4. Purpose of Studying Anatomical
Structures of Groundnut Stem
We can easily identify whether Groundnut
stem or others stem by seeing transverse
section of stem.
We can differentiate between roots and stem.
6. Epidermis
Outer most layer
Barrel shaped parenchymatous
cell
No intercellular space, compactly
arranged
Protect from outer hazard
Epidermis
7. Cortex
Lies next to the epidermis
Differentiated into
hypodermis, general
cortex and Endodermis
Hypodermis
Below the epidermis
Collenchymatous cell
Provide mechanical support
Hypodermis
Cortex
8. General cortex
Below the hypodermis
Round or oval shaped
parenchymatous cell
Storage food materials
Endodermis
o Inner most layer of cortex
o Compactly arranged, barrel shaped
parenchymatous cell
o Contain starch grains
General
cortex
Endodermis
9. Vascular bundle
• Conjoint, collateral, open
• Each bundle consists of
phloem, cambium and xylem
• Conduction of foods, water
and nutrient
Phloem
External side of vascular bundle
Consists of sieve tube, companion
cell, phloem parenchyma and phloem fibre
Bundle cap present
Conduction of food
Phloem
Vascular bundle
10. Cambium
Between xylem and phloem
Thin walled, rectangular cells,
arranged in a radial rows
Produce secondary xylem
and phloem
Xylem
Lies inner to the cambium
Consists of xylem vessel, xylem parenchyma, xylem fibre
Xylem endarch
Ray parenchyma – radial line and axial parenchyma
surrounded xylem vessel
Cambium
Xylem
11. Pith :Round or oval shaped, parenchymatous cell
How we can
identify it's a root
or stem ?
How we can identify
it's a monocot or
dicot plant ?
i. Vascular bundle conjoint
ii. Xylem endarch
i. Vascular bundle conjoint, collateral
open
ii. Hypodermis consist collenchyma cell
12. Field application
i. Helps us to understand the structural adaptations of plants
with respect to diverse environmental condition
ii. It helps in the improvement of food crops
iii. The study of plant anatomic structure allows us to predict
the strength of wood
iv. The study of various plant fibres such as jute, flax, etc,
helps in their commercial exploitation