For Student Use Only

1. 9 Grade Chapter 5
th
Lesson 1
Pgs. 110-119
For Student Use Only

2. Chemistry and Matter
• Chemistry:
– Study of materials and their function
– Chemistry has been around for a long
time
– 1800s foundations for modern
chemistry were made
– Chemistry today is highly advanced

3. Chemistry and Matter
• Matter:
– Matter= anything that occupies space
– Two pieces of matter cannot occupy
the same space at the same time
– Matter has inertia
• Inertia- resistance to changes in motion
• Newton’s 1st Law
– Matter has mass
• Amount of matter an object contains

4. Chemistry and Matter
• Matter:
– Matter CANNOT be created or
destroyed under normal circumstances
it only changes form
– Matter has three basic shapes:
• Solid= definite size and shape
• Liquid= definite volume, no definite shape
• Gas= no definite shape or volume
– VOLUME= amount of space matter takes up

5. Chemistry and Matter
• Matter:
– 4th state of Matter:
• Plasma= hot gas where atoms begin to
break down (not found on Earth)= stars are
made of plasma
http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/K-12/airplane/Images/state.gif

6. Chemistry and Matter
• Composition of Matter:
– John Dalton proposed the atomic
theory of matter
• All matter is made of atoms
• Elements are made up of one kind of atom
• Compounds are made up of more than
one kind of atom
• Molecules are made up of groups of atoms
joined together

7. Chemistry and Matter
• Matter
– Elements are the “building blocks” of
the universe.
– As of 1995 there are 109 elements:
• 88 occur naturally
• 21 have been made in the lab

8. Chemistry and Matter
• Matter
– Atomic Symbols:
• Standardized set of symbols for elements
• Chemical symbol stands for element and is
based on common or Latin name
– Na= Sodium
– C= Carbon
– Pb= Lead
– H= hydrogen
– He= Helium

9. Chemistry and Matter
• Matter in Motion:
– Kinetic Energy:
• Brownian Motion= molecules under
microscope move
• Kinetic Theory of Matter= molecules of
matter are in constant motion
– More energy= faster motion
• Brownian Motion occurs because large
objects will be collided on one side more
than the other

10. Chemistry and Matter
• Matter:
– Diffusion=
• Occurs from higher concentration to a lower
concentration
– Osmosis:
• Concentration from higher to lower through
a semi-permeable membrane