GAY RIGHTS MOVEMENT
STONEWALL RIOT
GREEN REVOLUTION
WOMEN’S LIB
Lucy Beam Hoffman

THE 1960S WAS A DECADE OF IMMENSE SOCIAL AND POLITICAL
CHANGE IN THE UNITED STATES. DURING THIS TIME, THE GAY RIGHTS
MOVEMENT BEGAN TO GAIN MOMENTUM, CULMINATING IN THE
STONEWALL RIOTS OF 1969 IN NEW YORK CITY.
Wedding in the 50’s
GAY MOVEMENT

LGBTQ COMMUNITY
• These riots marked the beginning
of a larger fight for equal rights
and acceptance of the LGBTQ+
community.
• Before the 1960s, homosexuality
was considered deviant and
criminal behavior in the United
States.
• Many states had laws that
criminalized homosexual activity,
and there were few organizations
that advocated for the rights of
LGBTQ+ individuals.
3

4
SODOMY LAWS ARE AIMED AT GAY PEOPLE IN THE 70'S
• Sodomy laws began to
be used in a new way,
distinctly against gay
people, in the late
1960’s.
• As the young gay rights
movement began to
make headway, and the
social condemnation of
being gay began to
weaken, social
conservatives began to
invoke sodomy laws as
a justification for

STONEWALL RIOT
The Stonewall Riots, also called the Stonewall Uprising, began in the early hours of June 28,
1969, when New York City police raided the Stonewall Inn, a gay club located in Greenwich
Village in New York City.
The raid sparked a riot among bar patrons and neighborhood residents as police roughly hauled
employees and patrons out of the bar, leading to six days of protests and violent clashes with
law enforcement outside the bar on Christopher Street, in neighboring streets and in nearby
Christopher Park.
The Stonewall Riots served as a catalyst for the gay rights movement in the United States and
around the world.

STONEWALL RIOT
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q9wdMJmuBlA
In 1966, three years before Stonewall, members of The Mattachine Society, an organization dedicated to gay rights,
staged a “sip-in” where they openly declared their sexuality at taverns, daring staff to turn them away and suing
establishments who did.
When The Commission on Human Rights ruled that gay individuals had the right to be served in bars, police raids were
temporarily reduced.

7
TURNING POINT
• The Stonewall Riots
were a turning point in
the gay rights
movement and
galvanized activists to
take further action. In
the years following the
Stonewall Riots, the gay
rights movement gained
momentum.
Organizations such as
the Gay Liberation Front
and the Gay Activists
Alliance formed and
began to advocate for

OUTCOME
• They successfully lobbied for
the repeal of anti-sodomy
laws, the passage of anti-
discrimination laws, and the
recognition of same-sex
marriages. Today, the
LGBTQ+ community has
achieved significant progress
in terms of rights and
acceptance. However, this
progress has not been without
resistance and there is still
much work to be done to
ensure equal rights for all. The
Stonewall Riots of 1969
remain an important milestone
in the fight for LGBTQ+ rights
and an inspiration for future
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9
AIDS
• AIDS stands for Acquired
Immunodeficiency
Syndrome, a condition
caused by the human
immunodeficiency virus
(HIV).
• HIV is a retrovirus that
attacks and destroys the
body’s immune system,
making it vulnerable to a
variety of diseases and
infections.
• HIV is primarily spread
through unprotected
sexual intercourse,
sharing of needles, or
from a pregnant mother to
her baby during childbirth.

REAGAN’S STANCE ON AIDS
On September 17, 1985, President
Reagan finally mentioned AIDS
publicly when responding to a reporter's
question.
He called it a "top priority" and defended
his administration's response and
research funding. On October 2,
Congress allocated nearly $190 million for
AIDS research—$70 million more than the
administration's request.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yAzDn7tE1lU

FIRST CASES OF AIDS
THE FILM "PHILADELPHIA" WAS NOT A FICTIONAL MOVIE,
AS TRI-STAR PICTURES SAYS, BUT THE TRUE STORY OF AN
ATTORNEY WHO SUED THE WORLD'S LARGEST LAW FIRM
FOR FIRING HIM BECAUSE HE HAD AIDS, A LAWYER
ARGUED TODAY.
• The first cases of AIDS were
reported in the United States in
1981, although it is believed that
HIV had been present in the US for
several years before then.
• In the decades since, the virus has
spread around the world, with the
majority of infections occurring in
sub-Saharan Africa.
• While AIDS is no longer an
automatic death sentence, it
remains a major cause of death and
disability, particularly in low- and
middle-income countries.
11

AIDS IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
• Despite the fact that sub-Saharan Africa
contains only about 11 percent of the
Earth’s population, the region is the world’s
epicenter of HIV/AIDS.
• The numbers are daunting. Adult HIV
prevalence is 1.2 percent worldwide (0.6
percent in North America), but it is 9.0
percent in sub-Saharan Africa.
• UNAIDS estimates that at the end of 2001,
there were 40 million people living with
HIV/AIDS, 28.5 million of them from sub-
Saharan African.
• Five million adults and children became
newly infected with HIV in 2001, 3.5 million
of them from sub-Saharan Africa.
• Three million people died from AIDS-
related causes in 2001, and 2.2 million of
12

LEGALIZATION OF GAY MARRIAGE
•
• A Gallup poll released in June found support
legalizing same-sex marriage was on the uptick,
increasing 10 percentage points between 2015 and
2022 to reach a new high of 70 percent.
13

SAME SEX MARRIAGE STATES 2023 14

THE GREEN REVOLUTION
15

16
SILENT SPRING
• Silent Spring is considered
the book that started the
global grassroots
environmental movement.
• Released in 1962, it focuses
on the negative effects of
chemical pesticides that
were, at the time, a large part
of US agriculture. Rachel
Carson and her work began
initiating a shift in global
environmental
consciousness.

CROP DUSTING
Aerial spraying and dusting
permit prompt coverage of
large areas at the moment
when application of
pesticide is most effective
and avoid the need for
wheeled vehicles that might
damage crops.
17

CROP SPRAYING HOMES: HOW
CAN IT AFFECT YOU?
OP SPRAYING NEAR HOMES: HOW
CAN IT AFFECT YOU?
• Even unsuspecting individuals can be at risk for pesticide exposure without
being aware of it. This type of accidental exposure is known as pesticide drift.
This occurs because pesticides aren’t only used in agricultural settings. These
chemicals may also be used in business establishments, parks, homes, and
even in public places.
• This is especially a problem in rural areas in the United States where homes are
usually near crop fields. Pesticide drift occurs when a pesticide that’s applied in
a certain area moves beyond the site of application. Unfortunately, this type of
exposure can also have detrimental effects on your health.
18

PESTICIDE DRIFT EXPOSURE AND YOUR HEALTH
Pesticides are chemicals used to
prevent, kill, repel or control
insects, plants, microorganisms
or animals that are harmful or a
nuisance.
Insecticides, herbicides,
fungicides, and rodenticides are
types of pesticides.
Pesticides may be used on
farms, homes, businesses, and
public places.
People can be exposed to
pesticides through direct use of
products or through
contaminated air, water, soil and
treated materials.
19

IS THE ROUNDUP WEED KILLER
(GLYPHOSATE) BAD FOR YOU?
• Roundup is a highly debated topic these days. Some studies claim
that the active ingredient, glyphosate, may be increasing the risk
of many diseases.
• On the other hand, Roundup has long been considered one of the
safest herbicides available on the market.
• However, Roundup contains more than just glyphosate. It also
contains a lot of other ingredients, which help make it a potent
weed killer. Some of these ingredients may even be kept secret by
the manufacturer and called inerts.
• Several studies have actually found that Roundup is significantly
more toxic to human cells than just glyphosate.
20

ROUNDUP AND AGENT ORANGE
• The use of Agent Orange was an experimental form of chemical and
biological warfare, designed to strip foliage and deny the enemy jungle
cover - and to deprive enemy forces of their food supply (directly spraying
rice-fields, for instance).
• Experimental in this instance meaning no idea of the long-term effects of
this deadly herbicide, which can release dioxin - one of the most potent
toxins known to mankind.
• And now, five decades later, with the cooperation of the US government,
Monsanto is knocking on Vietnam's door with another potentially
carcinogenic herbicide: Roundup. GMO seeds are considered dangerous
not only because they are modified, but also because they are designed
to work with the chemical herbicide Roundup, Monsanto's market-leading
glyphosate brand.
21
What is the difference between glyphosate and Agent Orange?

AGENT ORANGE 22

23
STUDY: ROUNDUP WEED KILLER COULD BE
LINKED TO WIDESPREAD BEE DEATHS
• The build-up of glyphosate in
crops is suspected as a
leading cause of a spike in
cases of autism, cancer, and
long-term illnesses in
America.
• Not to mention a possible link
with bee colony die-offs. The
use of Roundup is highly
controversial, and it has
already been banned in a
number of countries around
the globe.

Presentation title 24
JUDY TINDLE’S RECIPE FOR PET FRIENDLY WEED KILLER
• 1 gallon White
Vinegar
• 2 cups borax
powder
• MIX WELL
• Add 1/3 Blue Dawn
Dish Detergent
• STIR IN WELL
• SPRAY ONLY
WHAT NEEDS TO

THE GREEN REVOLUTION
• In the United States, the Green Revolution had a slightly different impact.
• Instead of increasing yields, the focus was on improving the quality of
crops.
• This was done by introducing new varieties of crops, such as hybrid corn,
that were better adapted to local growing conditions.
• The result was a shift from small-scale farming to large-scale agriculture,
and the development of an industrial agricultural system that has been the
basis for the modern American food system.
25

WOMEN’S LIB
In the middle of the 20th century,
an age-old quest for safe and
effective oral contraception was
realized.
The woman who made that
happen was Margaret Sanger
(1879–1966), the founder of the
American Birth Control League,
the forerunner of Planned
Parenthood Federation of
America
26

HTTPS://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WA
TCH?V=5NDQXLX3PDA
Margaret Sanger’s Brainchild In her 70s, and
years after most people retire, Sanger
achieved one of the greatest
accomplishments of her career.
As honorary president and chair of Planned
Parenthood Federation of America, she
drove the research and development of the
century’s most revolutionary medical
breakthrough — after penicillin — the pill.
Sanger had won for most women in the U.S.
the right to use contraception. Now she
would develop a method that was nearly 100
percent effective.
27

THE WOMEN’S
LIBERATION MOVEMENT
The women’s liberation
movement of the 1960s was
inspired by the civil rights
movement of the 1950s.
Women of color were particularly
active in the movement, and they
focused on intersectional issues
such as racism and sexism.
The movement was also
influenced by Marxism, with
activists demanding economic
equality as well as social and
political rights.
28

END DISCRIMINATION
AGAINST WOMEN
The main goals of the women’s
liberation movement were to end
discrimination against women,
secure equal rights and
opportunities, and achieve
economic equality.
To this end, activists campaigned
for changes in the law, such as
the Equal Pay Act of 1963 and
the Equal Rights Amendment of
1972.
They also fought for access to
birth control, abortion, and
childcare.
29

DID EPA WORK?
Today Mar 14, 2023, is
Equal Pay Day in 2023, a
reminder of systemic
inequality faced by women
and especially those of
color.
In the U.S., women who
work full-time, year-round,
are paid an average of 83.7
percent as much as men,
which amounts to a
difference of $10,000 per
year.
30

NOW
Activists also engaged in direct
action tactics such as protests,
sit-ins, and boycotts. They also
used the media to raise
awareness of their cause and to
challenge stereotypes about
women.
Women’s liberation
organizations such as the
National Organization for
Women (NOW) and the
Women’s Strike for Peace were
formed in the 1960s, and they
continue to be active today.
31

WHAT DID THE PILL DO FOR WOMEN?
In the decade after the Pill was released,
the oral contraceptive gave women highly
effective control over their fertility.
By 1960, the baby boom was taking its
toll. Mothers who had four children by the
time they were 25 still faced another 15
to 20 fertile years ahead of them.
Growing families were hemmed into
small houses, cramped by rising costs.
"By the end of the fifties, the United
States birthrate was overtaking India's,"
Betty Friedan would write in The
Feminine Mystique in 1963.
Both men and women were beginning to
ask, "Is this all there is?"
32

ABOUT THREE-IN-TEN MEN SAY WOMEN’S GAINS HAVE
COME AT THE EXPENSE OF MEN
• Despite the successes of the
Women’s Liberation Movement,
there is still work to be done.
• Women are still underrepresented
in many areas of society, such as
politics and science, and gender-
based discrimination is still a
problem in many parts of the world.
• Therefore, it is important to
continue to fight for the rights of
women and to continue to push for
greater equality for all.
33

SEXUAL
HARASSMENT
About three-quarters of
Americans who say country
has work to do on gender
equality see sexual harassment
as a major obstacle
34

BETTY FRIEDAN
• IN 1963, BETTY
FRIEDAN (1921–
2006) published The
Feminine Mystique, a
founding text of modern
feminism that is
considered one of the
most influential books of
the twentieth century.
35

THE FEMININE MYSTIQUE
• The feminine mystique is the false notion that a woman’s “role”
in society is to be a wife, mother and housewife - nothing else.
• The mystique is an artificial idea of femininity that says having a
career and/or fulfilling one’s individual potential somehow go
against women's pre-ordained role.
• The mystique is the constant barrage of homemaker-nurturer-
mother images that esteem the virtue of keeping house and
raising children as essential womanhood, while criticizing the
“masculinity” of women who want to do other things, whether
along with or instead of the mystique-approved duties.
36
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K35P3OCx7_Q

THE PROBLEM THAT HAS NO NAME
By the 1950s the average marriage age
for women in America dropped to 20.14
million girls were engaged by 17.
Proportion of women attending college in
comparison with men dropped from 47
percent in 1920 to 35 percent in 1958
A new degree was instituted for the wives-
”Ph.T”
Putting Husband Through
Women during world war.
Some women in their 40s and 50s looked
nostalgically at the careers they had given
up while most of the young women had
no careers whatsoever on their agendas.
Their primary concern was to find a
husband and have children.
37

COMMERCIALS
FROM THE 60’S
Presentation title 38
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6L8LjQRk9w4