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The Role of Technology in Cardiovascular Health Care Cost Growth Peter W. Groeneveld, MD, MS Β· Andrew J. Epstein, PhD, MPP Β· Lin Yang, MS Β· Feifei Yang, MS Β· Mollie Epstein, MA Β· Daniel Polsky, PhD  Philadelphia VA Medical Center; Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine;  Division of Health Policy and Administration, Yale School of Public Health Background Objectives Methods Results (continued) Conclusions Implications Results Methods (continued) a  $millions (2006 dollars) a   Number (%) unless otherwise indicated.  Percentages may not sum to 100 due to rounding. b   Annual cohorts sum to a larger number than the total 5-year cohort size (column  n ) because some patients were members of more than one annual cohort. c   Percentage of CAD patients receiving DES during calendar year; percentage of HF patients receiving ICD/CRTs during calendar year. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Patients in Study a ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Coronary Artery Disease Cohorts Heart Failure Cohorts AMI (n=72,336) Non-infarct ACS (n=51,768) Non-ACS (n=678,995) Hospitalized Primary HF (n=77,368) Hospitalized Secndry HF (n=179,912) Non-hosp HF (n=307,434) age (mean, std) 76 (5) 75 (5) 74 (6) 77 (6) 77 (6) 76 (6) female 34,331 (48) 24,070 (47) 348,660 (51) 41,376 (54) 97,838 (54) 171,316 (56) Race black 5,660 (8) 3,812 (7) 53,601 (8) 8,855 (11) 17,173 (10) 30,947 (10) white 63,520 (88) 45,568 (88) 588,282 (87) 65,338 (85) 155,721 (87) 257,903 (84) other 3,156 (4) 2,388 (5) 37,112 (6) 3,175 (4) 7,018 (4) 18,584 (6) U.S. Census Region northeast 14,791 (20) 9,257 (18) 146,518 (22) 15,271 (20) 33,614 (19) 65,196 (21) south 29,339 (41) 23,228 (45) 269,984 (40) 32,882 (43) 74,443 (42) 120,302 (39) midwest 18,825 (26) 13,048 (25) 164,477 (24) 20,128 (26) 48,043 (27) 73,298 (24) west 9,381 (13) 6,235 (12) 98,016 (14) 9,087 (12) 23,812 (13) 48,638 (16) Year 2002 b 19,059 (21) 15,294 (23) 348,921 (19) 22,851 (21) 59,293 (23) 121,687 (19) 2003 b 19,141 (21) 14,417 (21) 357,233 (20) 23,265 (21) 61,128 (21) 120,417 (20) 2004 b 17,543 (20) 13,660 (20) 366,276 (20) 22,318 (20) 61,010 (20) 121,612 (20) 2005 b 17,461 (19) 12,736 (19) 375,618 (21) 22,441 (19) 63,659 (19) 122,735 (21) 2006 b 16,504 (18) 11,217 (17) 376,008 (21) 20,933 (18) 63,070 (17) 121,177 (21) DxCG  risk score (mean, std) 5.3 (3.4) 3.6 (2.9) 2.0 (2.7) 5.1 (3.9) 4.8 (4.1) 2.6 (3.1) Device c  rate, β€˜02 0.02 0.03 0.01 2.5 0.9 0.17 Device c  rate, β€˜06 23.1 28.9 1.1 6.6 1.2 0.21 Spending Increases for CAD Patients Ages 66-85 Attributable to DES: 2002-2006 Subgroup N (2006) Total 2006 Cost a $Ξ” 2002-06:  DES a %Ξ” 2002-06:  DES Subgroup Share (%) Acute MI 330,080  12,327  1,173 (955–1,404) 8.6 (7.0–10.3) 38 Non-AMI ACS 224,340  6,069  569 (449–692) 7.0 (5.6–8.6) 19 Non-ACS 7,520,160  84,324  1,339 (868–1,782) 1.9 (1.2–2.5) 43 TOTAL 8,074,580  102,719  3,081 (2,560–3,591) 3.3 (2.8–3.9) 100 Β  Β  Β  Β  Β  Β  Spending Increases for HF Patients Ages 66-85 Attributable to ICDs: 2002-2006 Subgroup N (2006) Total 2006 Cost a $Ξ”  2002-06 :  ICDs a %Ξ”  2002-06 :  ICDs Subgroup Share (%) Primary Hosp 418,660  14,768  571 (478–672) 3.8 (3.2–4.5) 80 Secondary Hosp 1,261,400  31,236  121 (43–200) 0.4 (0.2–0.7) 17 Non-Hosp 2,423,540  29,383  23 (-35–79) 0.1 (-0.1–0.3) 3 TOTAL 4,103,600  75,387  715 (582–860) 1.0 (0.8–1.2) 100

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