1.
Training on RES2DINV/RES3DINV
software
(Geotomo software, Malaysia)
LARISA GOLOVKO, PH D
LANDVISER LLC
HOUSTON, TX

2.
Materials need
 Each participant need to bring laptop!
 Copy folder 1RES2DINV to each laptop:
 Two .d2d files with data from yesterday
 Software installs
 Manuals for SibER-48, RES2DINV, RES2DMOD
 Off-line instruction pages from www.landviser.net
 Dr. Loke’s Course Notes on Theory of 2D&3D resistivity surveys
 Install software:
 SibER Tools
 RES2DINV, etc.
 RIPPP

3.
VES (1D-2D-3D) ER/SP/IP equipment
 SibER-48 ( <2A) & LandMapper ( 7 mA)
 Stationary DC equipment usually measures three electrical
parameters – resistivity (ER), induced polarization (IP), self-
potential (SP)
 “Unlimited” depths and resolutions through electrode
spacing/combination
 Usually automatic multiplexing of 4-electrode arrays
 Max depth ~½-1/3 of surface wire spread, also somewhat limited
by output current/instrument sensitivity: environmental
applications need between 2 mA to 500 mA (EPA
http://www.epa.gov/esd/cmb/GeophysicsWebsite
 In most conditions in Indonesia the input voltage of <60 V is
recommended

4.
SibER-48
SibER roll along layout
48-electrodes single channel Resistivity
and Induced Polarisation imaging
instrument
SibER-48
Developed in 2012
Produced 50 pcs, distributed in Russia, Ukraine,
Armenia, Indonesia.
Fastest single channel ERT instrument in the World.
Technologies and innovations

5.
V Receiver
Transmitting
electrodes
Grounded
electrode
Every one of 48 electrode is connected to transmitter or receiver. The automatic switchboard is
switching the electrodes, making the ρ measurement at various depth and on line position. The data
inversion process inverts the data into 2D cross-section. The set of 2D cross-sections can be
processed by 3D inversion procedure.
Electric Resistivity Tomography and Induced Polarization method
and SibER device for shallow (up to 300 m) subsurface survey
Siber-48

6.
SibER 48 electrodes, one channel, up to 2 A
Different arrays can be used to improve resolution /
increase depth of penetration (see SibER example pdf)

7.
2D and 3D resistivity studies -
multiplexing of different arrays

8.
Types of arrays

9.
First field day
 Use SibER Tools to create electrode layouts and load into instrument.

10.
First field day
 Use SibER Tools to create electrode layouts and load
into instrument.
 2 profiles:
 mtl01slb.d2d – Schlumberger
 mtl01wna.d2d – Wenner Alpha
 Use RiPPP to view profiles and pseudosections, clean
data and export in RES2DINV format .dat

11.
Arrays Possible
Layout # Elec. Nane RES2DINV
code
Example file
4 Wenner-
Schlumberger
7 PIPESCHL.DAT
3 Pole-Dipole 6 PDIPREV.DAT
2-4 General Array 11 RATCMIX.DAT
http://landviser.net/content/formatting-array-input-data-file-res2dinv-
surface-electrodes-any-geometry

12.
General electrode format
Ax[m] Bx[m] Mx[m] Nx[m] Center[m] Depth[m] Tx.I[mA] Tx.U[V] Rx.U[mV] Rx.SP[mV] ?[Ohm*m] M[mV/V] Q[%]
0 60 20 40 30 10.38 315.194 0 151.446 0 60.3795 0 0
20 80 40 60 50 10.38 368.972 0 146.133 0 49.7697 0 0.437
40 100 60 80 70 10.38 269.278 0 101.485 0 47.3599 0 0.264
60 120 80 100 90 10.38 321.36 0 105.864 0 41.3968 0 0.294
RiPPP raw data table

13.
Schlumberger - RiPPP
 Schlumberger (20 m, 8 cables = 980 m length, 160 m depth)
 Schlumberger (5 m, 8 cables= 245 m length, ~40 m depth)

14.
Schlumberger - RiPPP

15.
Schlumberger - RiPPP
The pseudosection gives a very
approximate picture of the true
subsurface resistivity
distribution. However the
pseudosection gives a distorted
picture of the subsurface
because the shapes of the
contours depend on the type of
array used as well as the true
subsurface resistivity.
The pseudosection is useful as a means to present the measured
apparent resistivity values in a pictorial form, and as an initial
guide for further quantitative interpretation. One common mistake
made is to try to use the pseudosection as a final picture of the true
subsurface resistivity.

16.
RiPPP to RES2DINV

17.
General electrode format
Ax[m] Bx[m] Mx[m] Nx[m] Center[m] Depth[m] Tx.I[mA] Tx.U[V] Rx.U[mV] Rx.SP[mV] ?[Ohm*m] M[mV/V] Q[%]
0 60 20 40 30 10.38 315.194 0 151.446 0 60.3795 0 0
20 80 40 60 50 10.38 368.972 0 146.133 0 49.7697 0 0.437
40 100 60 80 70 10.38 269.278 0 101.485 0 47.3599 0 0.264
60 120 80 100 90 10.38 321.36 0 105.864 0 41.3968 0 0.294
RiPPP raw data table
Exported in RES2DINV
Íîâûé ïðîåêò.dat
20
11
0
Type of
measur
ement (0=app. resistivity,1=resistance)
1
497
2
0
4 0 0 60 0 20 0 40 0 0.480485
4 20 0 80 0 40 0 60 0 0.396054
4 40 0 100 0 60 0 80 0 0.376878
4 60 0 120 0 80 0 100 0 0.329425
4 80 0 140 0 100 0 120 0 0.388033

18.
starting RES2DINV

19.
Loading data file .dat into
RES2DINV

20.
Before inversion:
model refinement

21.
Running inversion – options
for Quality Control
 Manually removing bad data
 Changing damping factors
 Inversion model file .inv

22.
Presenting data profiles
 Changing depth to linear
 Bedrock detection
 Removing bad data with RMS after initial inversion and re-running
inversion.

23.
Schlumberger – kiriar01
 Schlumberger (20 m, 8 cables = 980 m length, 160 m
depth)

24.
Schlumberger – kiriar01
 Schlumberger (20 m, 8 cables = 980 m length, 160 m depth)
 5 data points manually removed in RES2DINV

25.
Pole-dipole – kiriar02
 Bad electrode connection troubleshooting in the field (re-run profile => kiriar03)
 Cleaning in RES2DINV - 15 data points removed

26.
Pole-dipole – kiriar03

27.
Troubleshooting unstable
inversion

28.
Pole-dipole – kiriar03
changing damping factor

29.
Pole-dipole corrected (>60% RMS
removed) – kiriar03-60.dat

30.
Pole-dipole corrected >60%
RMS removed

31.
Pole-dipole corrected >60%
RMS removed

32.
Pole-Dipole – kiriar03
final

33.
Subsurface representation
models

34.
Typical resistivity values

35.
Measuring EC of saturated soil paste in
standard four-electrode cells

36.
LandMapper – measuring ER in deep soil
pit, Philippines (2004)

37.
Also available:
 New Hand-held resistivity/self-potential meters – LandMapper ERM-03
and ERM-04 - available NOW
 Multi-frequency electromagnetic scanner AEMP-14 – available
NOW
 SibER-64 18-channel resistivity/IP system ( available Now)
 Free Agricultural Geophysics webinar series
 www.ag-geophysics.org 1st and 2nd recordings already on
 contact Larisa Golovko, Ph.D:
 info@landviser.net
 +1-609-412-0555

38.
Vertical Electrical Sounding (1D)
 Simple and fast
 Provide profile distribution of ER from soil
surface to any depth
 Easily customized sounding depths
through different electrode arrays
 Many freeware available for 1D data
interpretation: f.e. RES1DINV

39.
Manual soil VES
 MN= 2m - constant for the whole VES profile (1D)
 All measurements done at K0=1 (or K1=10, K2=100 to boost the signal)
 Manual VES procedure – spread AB electrodes completely and then
move AB electrodes inward to pre-set distances. – www.landviser.net