[Task 3 1] Energy use amongst 'new Modern Energy CONsumers' in the GMS
1. Energy use amongst ‘new Modern
Energy CONsumers’ in the GMS
Effective energy efficiency policy implementation targeting
“New Modern Energy CONsumers” in the Greater Mekong Subregion
Dr Julia Tomei & Dr Gabrial Anandarajah
University College London, UK
International Dissemination Workshop, September 2015
2. TOPIC 1
Effective energy efficiency policy implementation targeting
“New Modern Energy CONsumers” in the Greater Mekong Subregion
Aim
To identify the opportunities and barriers to the
adoption of energy efficient technologies, measures
and policies amongst the ‘new Modern Energy
CONsumers’
3. TOPIC 1
Effective energy efficiency policy implementation targeting
“New Modern Energy CONsumers” in the Greater Mekong Subregion
Objectives
• To collect information about the household
characteristics of the survey population i.e.
the new modern energy consumers
• To determine how new modern energy
consumers currently use energy
• To understand household energy aspirations
• To identify the opportunities and barriers for
energy efficiency amongst new modern
energy consumers
4. TOPIC 1
Effective energy efficiency policy implementation targeting
“New Modern Energy CONsumers” in the Greater Mekong Subregion
The Household Survey
• Introduction
• Section A: Information about the household
– age, gender, education, income, occupation, household
size, decision making etc.
• Section B: Energy baseline data
– Current energy use, including electricity and other fuels,
energy aspirations
• Section C: Energy efficiency
– Factors influencing decision making, sources of
information, knowledge of EE
• Any other comments
5. TOPIC 1
Effective energy efficiency policy implementation targeting
“New Modern Energy CONsumers” in the Greater Mekong Subregion
Survey Summary
Country Number % Rural % Female
Ave Hhold
Members
Cambodia 484 36 64 5.33
Laos 274 26 52 4.76
Myanmar 314 13 55 4.16
Thailand 293 68 57 3.43
Vietnam 295 58 45 4.35
Total 1660 40 56 4.51
6. TOPIC 1
Effective energy efficiency policy implementation targeting
“New Modern Energy CONsumers” in the Greater Mekong Subregion
Electricity AccessType of Electricity Access
7. TOPIC 1
Effective energy efficiency policy implementation targeting
“New Modern Energy CONsumers” in the Greater Mekong Subregion
Electricity AccessOwnership of appliances
• What technologies do MECON households use
for:
– Cooking
– Lighting
• What appliances do MECON households own?
8. TOPIC 1
Effective energy efficiency policy implementation targeting
“New Modern Energy CONsumers” in the Greater Mekong Subregion
Cooking appliances
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
CA LA MY TH VN
Percentageofhouseholds
Traditional biomass Improved cookstove Charcoal stove Electric stove
Rice cooker LPG Microwave
9. TOPIC 1
Effective energy efficiency policy implementation targeting
“New Modern Energy CONsumers” in the Greater Mekong Subregion
Lighting
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
CA LA MY TH VN
Percentageofhouseholds
Candles Batteries/ torches Kerosene Incandescent Fluorescent CFL LED
10. TOPIC 1
Effective energy efficiency policy implementation targeting
“New Modern Energy CONsumers” in the Greater Mekong Subregion
Appliances: entertainment &
communication
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
CA LA MY TH VN
Percentageofhouseholds
CRT TV Flat screen TV Mobile phone Computer Video/ DVD Radio HiFi
11. TOPIC 1
Effective energy efficiency policy implementation targeting
“New Modern Energy CONsumers” in the Greater Mekong Subregion
Appliances: heating & cooling
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
CA LA MY TH VN
Percentageofhouseholds
Refrigerator Electric fan A/C Electric water heater Solar water heater Electric heater
12. TOPIC 1
Effective energy efficiency policy implementation targeting
“New Modern Energy CONsumers” in the Greater Mekong Subregion
Other appliances
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
CA LA MY TH VN
Percentageofhouseholds
Electric kettle Electric iron Washing machine Electric water pump Vacuum cleaner
13. TOPIC 1
Effective energy efficiency policy implementation targeting
“New Modern Energy CONsumers” in the Greater Mekong Subregion
Appliances
Effective energy efficiency policy implementation targeting
“New Modern Energy CONsumers” in the Greater Mekong Subregion
• 95% of households owned a TV
• 88% of households also owned mobile phones
and electric fans
• Fridges (64%) and electric irons (63%) were
also owned by a majority of households
14. TOPIC 1
Effective energy efficiency policy implementation targeting
“New Modern Energy CONsumers” in the Greater Mekong Subregion
Decision making: information
• How important are different sources of
information were when making decisions
about buying or renting electrical appliances?
– Friends, family and neighbours are most
important
– Excepting Cambodia, the shop or retailer is also
important
– The internet is only an important source of
information in Vietnam
15. TOPIC 1
Effective energy efficiency policy implementation targeting
“New Modern Energy CONsumers” in the Greater Mekong Subregion
Decision making: costs
16. TOPIC 1
Effective energy efficiency policy implementation targeting
“New Modern Energy CONsumers” in the Greater Mekong Subregion
Awareness of EE labels
More than half
of respondents
had seen the
label, but… only
two-thirds
knew what the
label meant
17. Willingness to pay for EE
• The majority of
respondents
indicated that
they would be
willing to pay
more for an
energy efficient
appliance
18. TOPIC 1
Effective energy efficiency policy implementation targeting
“New Modern Energy CONsumers” in the Greater Mekong Subregion
Discussion
• Fuel stacking
– Use of multiple fuels and technologies for cooking and
lighting
• Multiple factors influencing purchasing
behaviours
– Initial cost of an appliance is very important
• WTP more for an energy efficient appliance
– Perceived quality and reduced electricity bills
• Many households indicated that they would like
to know more about energy efficiency
– Opportunity for education and information campaigns
19. TOPIC 1
Effective energy efficiency policy implementation targeting
“New Modern Energy CONsumers” in the Greater Mekong Subregion
Thank you!
19
For further information or questions, please
contact:
Julia Tomei j.tomei@ucl.ac.uk
Editor's Notes
Outline:
Aims and objectives of Task 3
How we designed the survey, content etc.
Sample profile
Household energy consumption
Energy efficiency
Conclusions
100+ questions
A total of 1,660 questionnaires were carried out between January and May 2014 in both rural and urban areas. Surveys were carried out in communities using numerous enumerators, because it was important for surveys to be conducted face-to-face in order to encourage a higher response rate.
All survey data were inputted using the online survey tool, Survey Monkey. The survey data were then analysed using Excel and SPSS.
Almost a third (30%) of respondents were aged between 18-29, while older people – those aged 60 and over – were underrepresented in this survey; this age group accounted for 11% of respondents.
The vast majority (86%) of respondents owned their own home, while just 3% had their homes provided by relatives and the remainder (11%) rented their accommodation.
Household size ranged from 1 person to 15 people; houses in Thailand generally smaller, while Cambodian households were larger (12% households had >= 8 people)
The most common occupation was ‘government, teacher or other professional’ (24%), followed by self-employed (20%) and agriculture (17%)
85% of respondents had had access to electricity for more than one year. Only 3% had had electricity for less than a year – mainly in Cambodia or Myanmar. The remainder didn’t know how long they had had access.
Electricity was perceived to be often to always available
Median expenditure on electricity was USD 10.90 (min USD 0; max = USD 150). On average, respondents in Vietnam spent the most on electricity, Myanmar the least.
85% of respondents had had access to electricity for more than one year. Only 3% had had electricity for less than a year – mainly in Cambodia or Myanmar. The remainder didn’t know how long they had had access.
Electricity was perceived to be often to always available
Median expenditure on electricity was USD 10.90 (min USD 0; max = USD 150). On average, respondents in Vietnam spent the most on electricity, Myanmar the least.
Reasons for fuel stacking: behaviours, cultural preferences, and the availability, dependability and affordability of fuels and appliances.
Potential for energy efficiency improvements e.g. c.75% households still use less inefficient CRT TVs.
95% of low income households surveyed own a TV
88% of households also own mobile phones and electric fans
Fridges (64%) and electric irons (63%) were also owned by a majority of households
Potential for energy efficiency improvements e.g. c.75% households still use less inefficient CRT TVs.
Potential for energy efficiency improvements e.g. c.75% households still use less inefficient CRT TVs.
The most important factor was the initial price of the appliance.
For example, in Thailand, 95% of respondents indicated price was ‘important’ to ‘very important’. For the whole sample, this figure was 87%.
While how much an appliance cost to run was also an important consideration, it was perceived to be less important that the initial cost; 78% of all respondents indicated operating costs were ‘important’ to ‘very important’. This suggests that the energy efficiency of an appliance will be of secondary importance compared to the initial price.
The most important factor was the initial price of the appliance.
For example, in Thailand, 95% of respondents indicated price was ‘important’ to ‘very important’. For the whole sample, this figure was 87%.
While how much an appliance cost to run was also an important consideration, it was perceived to be less important that the initial cost; 78% of all respondents indicated operating costs were ‘important’ to ‘very important’. This suggests that the energy efficiency of an appliance will be of secondary importance compared to the initial price.
When asked why Perceived quality and longer-term savings
while EE labels have an influence over purchasing behaviours regardless of whether the MECON know what it signifies, but that the proportion of those who feel it has an impact on their decision making increases once they understand what information it conveys.