Temporal evolution of criteria and research
frameworks for Alzheimer disease
Petersen, Ronald C. "How early can we diagnose Alzheimer disease (and is it sufficient)?: The
2017 Wartenberg lecture." Neurology 91.9 (2018): 395-402.
Biomarkers in AD
Neuroimagings :
MRI--structural, functional
PET– amyloid- PET, tau- PET, FDG-PET
SPECT: by CBF
SPECT: by CBF
Biofluid :
CSF– core biomarkers- total tau, p-tau, Aβ42,
Aβ40
Plasma, serum, urine
Genetic markers: APOE4, PS1,PS2..
….
Information gained from
Neuroimaging
• Infarcts > 1 mm
• WMH
• Atrophy
• Amyloid
Imaging
• Tau imaging
Structural Molecular
• Atrophy • Tau imaging
Metabolic
CMR
CMR glu
glu
Perfusion
Perfusion
Functional
BOLD Activation
BOLD Activation
Resting connectivity
Resting connectivity
MRI Progressive atrophy of
Hippocampii in AD
(Scheltens et al. 1992)
0 1 2
3 4
Coronal Sections Please