Under Secretary Keith Krach and his advisor Paul Touw... This is one of the decks that the E team presented to Senator Schumer and Young to inspire the bipartisan, bicameral Endless Frontier Act, an initiative to solidify the United States’ leadership in scientific and technological innovation through increased investments in the discovery, creation, and commercialization of technology fields of the future. We came up with the idea in October 2019. Our thinking evolved in early 2020 to produce this product. The bipartisan legislation further targets support to ensure new research investments translate into new American companies, manufacturing and high-tech jobs, and opportunities for regions across the country to become global centers of emerging technology industries. China and others are stealing American intellectual property and aggressively investing in research and commercialization to dominate the known technology fields of the future. We emphasized that without a significant and sustained increase in investment in research, education and training, technology transfer and entrepreneurship, manufacturing, and the broader U.S. innovation ecosystem across the nation, it is only a matter of time before America’s global competitors overtake the U.S. in terms of technological primacy.The Endless Frontier Act proposes an expansion of the National Science Foundation (NSF)—to be renamed the National Science and Technology Foundation (NTSF)—and the establishment of a Technology Directorate within NTSF to advance technology in 10 critical focus areas.