2. HUMAN POPULATION
Over population will definitely cause natural resources
deplection and environment degradation
Every second 4or 5 children are born somewhere on
the earth and 2 people die.
Population is the number of people living within a
particular region, country or geographical area.
Population growth is the increase in the size of the
population when the birth rate increases and the death rate
decreases in the population living in the same area.

3. Reasons for the population growth:
 Science and technological advancement has
increased the expectancy of human.
 People started living with good sanitation
food and medical facilities increase in
population exponentially
 Therefore, in developing countries the
population increase is at a rate of 3.4% per year

4. Population explosion
 Population explosion means the tremendous increase
in the number of people
 It is a known fact that the increase of population is
playing vital role of all environmental damage.
 Most of our natural resources are under threat
because ofthe population growth
 Population explosion increase disease, economic
inequity and environmental abuse.

5. Reason for population explosion:
 Increase in birth rate in developed countries due to
illiteracy. 35 per cent of the population of India is illiterate
 Invention of modern medical facilities reduces mortality rate.
HUMAN RIGHTS
 Human rights day is celebrated on 10th December of
every year.
Every individuals of India has the following rights
 Human rights to Freedom

6.  Human rights to Property Human rights to Freedom of religion
 Human rights to Culture and civilization
 Human rights to Education
 Human rights to Equality Human rights to find Solution to
exploitation
 Human rights to Food and shelter
 Human rights to health Human rights to employment
 Human rights to social security
 Human rights to form trades and companies

9. Environment
Each organism lives with a number of biotic and abiotic
factors and the conditions influencing them externally are
called environment
Types of environment
 Natural environment
 Cultural environment
Natural environment
It also called natural, geographical and physical environment it also
built by nature and contains all these elements that nature has give to
man

10. Cultural environment
Environment that includes man made elements is called
cultural environment human is the author of cultural
environment which includes race, religion, education
government and includes populatiom
They can be divided into 3 parts namely
 physical
 biological
 Other factors

11. Effects of environment digradation
Air pollution :-
Air pollution refers to any physical, chemical or
biological change in the air. It is the contamination of
air by harmful gases, dust and smoke which affects
plants, animals and humans drastically
Causes of Air Ponllutio
Burning of Fossil Fuels:-The combustion of fossil fuels
emits a large amount of sulphur dioxide. Carbon monoxide
released by incomplete combustion of fossil fuels also
results in air pollution

12. Automobiles :-The gases emitted from vehicles such as jeeps,
trucks, cars, buses, etc. pollute the environment. These are the
major sources of greenhouse gases and also result in diseases
among individuals
Agricultural Activities:-Ammonia is one of the most
hazardous gases emitted during agricultural activities. The
insecticides, pesticides and fertilisers emit harmful
chemicals in the atmosphere and contaminate it
Factories and Industries:-Factories and industries are the main
source of carbon monoxide, organic compounds,
hydrocarbons and chemicals. These are released into the air,
degrading its quality

13. Mining Activitie:-sIn the mining process, the minerals below
the earth are extracted using large pieces of equipment. The
dust and chemicals released during the process not only
pollute the air, but also deteriorate the health of the workers
and people living in the nearby areas
Domestic Sources:-The household cleaning products and
paints contain toxic chemicals that are released in the air. The
smell from the newly painted walls is the smell of the
chemicals present in the paints. It not only pollutes the air
but also affects breathing

14. AIR POLLUTION

15. Water Pollution:-Water pollution occurs when harmful
substances—often chemicals or microorganisms—contaminate a
stream, river, lake, ocean, aquifer, or other body of water,
degrading water quality and rendering it toxic to humans or the
environment
On human health:-To put it bluntly: Water pollution kills. In fact, it
caused 1.8 million deaths in 2015, according to a study published in
The Lancet. Contaminated water can also make you ill. Every year,
unsafe water sickens about 1 billion people. And low-income
communities are disproportionately at risk because their homes are
often closest to the most polluting industries.Waterborne pathogens,
What Are the Effects of Water Pollution?

16. in the form of disease-causing bacteria and viruses from
human and animal waste, are a major cause of illness from
contaminated drinking water. Diseases spread by unsafe
water include cholera, giardia, and typhoid. Even in wealthy
nations, accidental or illegal releases from sewage treatment
facilities, as well as runoff from farms and urban areas,
contribute harmful pathogens to waterways. Thousands of
people across the United States are sickened every year by
Legionnaires’ disease (a severe form of pneumonia
contracted from water sources like cooling towers and piped
water), with cases cropping up from California’s Disneyland to
Manhattan’s Upper East Side

17. On the environment:-In order to thrive, healthy ecosystems rely on
a complex web of animals, plants, bacteria, and fungi—all of which
interact, directly or indirectly, with each other. Harm to any of
these organisms can create a chain effect, imperiling entire aquatic
environments.When water pollution causes an algal bloom in a lake
or marine environment, the proliferation of newly introduced
nutrients stimulates plant and algae growth, which in turn reduces
oxygen levels in the water. This dearth of oxygen, known as
eutrophication, suffocates plants and animals and can create “dead
zones,” where waters are essentially devoid of life. In certain cases,
these harmful algal blooms can also produce neurotoxins that
affect wildlife, from whales to sea turtles.Chemicals and heavy
metals from industrial and municipal wastewater contaminate
waterways as well.

18. WATER POLLUTION

19. These contaminants are toxic to aquatic life—most often
reducing an organism’s life span and ability to reproduce—
and make their way up the food chain as predator eats prey.
That’s how tuna and other big fish accumulate high quantities
of toxins, such as mercury.
Noise Pollution – Unwanted noise is a cause of noise pollution.
Reasons for urbanization and technological development have led
to noise pollution, which has directly affected human health. Noise
pollution leads to the creation of diseases such as mental
imbalance, as well as damage to health by causing diseases such as
high blood pressure, intestinal ulcer, loss of eye sight, headache,
fatigue, tension, stiffness etc.

20. NOISE POLLUTION