1. Dr. Melinda Laituri
Secondary Cities Principal Investigator
State of the Map, Asia
23 - 24 September 2017
Kathmandu, Nepal
The Secondary Cities (2C) Initiative

2. Opportunities:
• Urban density can fuel efficiencies
• Urban areas provide access to resources
• Cities are hubs of innovation
The Urban Century
Challenges:
Humans are rapidly becoming an urban species, with millions
of people migrating to cities each year. By 2050, 70% of
world’s population will live in urban areas.
• How will urban centers across the world keep pace with predicted
continuing growth?
• What are the visions of tomorrow’s cities?

3. There will be more than twice as many medium size cities
in 2030 as there were in 1990.
UN/World Urbanization Prospects, 2014

4. Secondary Cities are under-examined,
under planned, and under-mapped
http://www.economist.com/node/21642053?fsrc=scn/tw/te/dc/ed/brightlightsbigcities

5. What do Secondary Cities
need?
• Robust,
smart data
• Geospatial
databases
• Produce
maps
• Example:
Hawasa,
Ethiopia Google
Earth OpenStreetMap

6. What is the Secondary Cities Initiative?
• Collaborative community mapping projects for 1-2+ years;
• Unique partner-provided, partner-generated datasets;
• Complements imagery based methodologies for data
creation.
Photos: Secondary Cities Cusco Geospatial data workshop, July

7. Industry partnerships:
ESRI (desktop GIS)
Digital Globe
NGOs**
Kathmandu Living Lab
(KLL)
American Association of
Geographers*
(AAG)
University
Tribhuvan University, Institute of Engineering
Western Region University
Colorado State University
(technical support)
Regional government:
Pokhara Municipality
National government:
Nepali Army
USG
DOS/GGI:
2C Lead
US Embassy:
Linkages to onsite partners
NGA:
High resolution imagery
Human Geography Themes
Pokhara
Emergency
Preparedness
*Manage budgets and reporting
**Key facilitating partnership
Partnerships – Spider Diagram

8. Secondary Cities Initiative Objective
Emergency Preparedness
Human Security
Resiliency
Human
Geography
DataMappin
g
Data
generation
Visualization
Sharing
Analysis

9. How do we map cities?
Geospatial Technologies
Geographic
Information
System (GIS)
Remote
Sensing
(RS)
Global
Positioning
System (GPS)

10. Useful Tools for Participatory Mapping for 2C
Projects• Emphasize open source tools and technologies
• Platform and software agnostic
Data
Collection
Data Analysis
and
Visualization
Data
Sharing

11. • Phones, tablets, drones (UAVs)
New equipment for data collection

12. New approaches
• Citizen Science initiatives
• Crowd mapping: Mapathons
• Community engagement:
Participatory mapping

13. High resolution
satellite imagery
New Collaborative
Process:
Intersection of
Citizen Science and
Community
Engagement
Bottom up vs. Top Down

14. Secondary Cities Projects
http://secondarycities.state.gov
Resiliency · Human Security · Emergency Preparedness

15. Data Generation
Open Source Tools
Training Materials
Lessons Learned
2C
Regional
Knowledge
Networks
Denpasar, Indonesia:
Ocean Waste
Management
Pokhara, Nepal:
Emergency
preparedness
Kharkiv, Ukraine
Mobility, Safety and
Accessibility
Asia 2C
RKN
Mekelle,
Ethiopia:
Water Resources
Port Harcourt, Nigeria:
Vulnerable populations
and
access to infrastructure
Douala, Cameroon
Emergency
preparedness
and flooding
Africa 2C
RKN
Cusco, Peru:
Sanitation
and
environmenta
l
issues
Medellin,
Columbia:
Urban growth
Santiago, Dominican
Republic
Water management in
vulnerable neighborhoods
Esmeraldas,
Ecuador:
Security and Risk
Latin America 2C
RKN
RKN: Regional
Knowledge Network

16. Secondary Cities
DescriptionKharkiv, Ukraine
Mekelle, Ethiopia
Pokhara, Nepal
Santiago, Dominican Republic
Medellin, Columbia
Cusco, Peru
Inland Cities
Coastal Cities
Denpasar, Indonesia
Esmeraldas, Ecuador
Douala, Cameroon
Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Touris
m
Landslides
Sea Level Rise
Common themes:
Traffic, Waster Management, Flooding, Extreme events

17. Data Generation
Pokhara, Nepal
• Emergency
preparedness
• Hospitals & Clinics
• Religious centers
• Schools
Kharkiv, Ukraine
• Vulnerable Populations
• Vacant building
inventory
• Urban Springs

18. 2C Denpasar, Indonesia: Waste
management

19. 2C Esmeraldas: Water Pollution sites

20. 2C Port Harcourt,
Nigeria

21. 21
Data Collection Method Observations
Mobility Features
▪ Data Collection
Software/Platform: ArcGIS
Phase 1: Excel templates and
Maplt
▪ Data Collection
Hardware/Device: Tablets,
papers and GPS
Phase 2: Survey 123 for ArcGis
▪ Data Collection
Hardware/Device: Tablets
▪ Coverage Area: Douala
council area, Cameroon.
(Six districts)
Dataset Attributes Collected Data Points
Hospital data Name, category, #beds ,# doctors , #nurses,
#ambulances, observation, LAT/LON , data
collection date, availability of emergency service.
227
Major businesses data Name, Type of store , Data collection date,
LAT/LON
98
Schools Name, Type , data collection date, area, #
classrooms , # toilet , type of construct material
availability of water and electricity.
447
Recreational spaces Name, data collection date, area, LAT/LON,
water and electricity availability
21
Flood Area Flood frequency, data collection date, LAT /LON ,
Observations.
94
Cultural and Religious
structure’s
Name, data collection date, area, LAT/LON,
water and electricity availability.
542
Sanitation Equipment’s Name, data collection date, area, LAT/LON 369
Open space Name, data collection date, area, LAT/LON 728
Data Collection with GPS and MapIt
2C Douala,
Cameroon

22. 2C Mekelle
https://ethiopia-gis.nrel.colostate.edu/#

23. 2C CSU: Change Detection Analysis
with
LandSat and High Resolution Imagery

24. Outcome: Best Practices/Lesson Learned
Collaboration/New Partnerships
• Interoperability
• Metadata standards/QA/QC protocols
• Access and sharing
• Culture and language
• QA/QC protocols
• Regional hubs
• Ethics
Unintended
Ripple
Results!!

25. Sharing Stories
http://secondarycities.state.gov
/

26. Future Investment: Community of 2C
Partners

27. Questions
Contact:
Melinda Laituri
melinda.Laituri@colostate.edu
laiturimj@state.gov