Smartphone as a Personal Pervasive Health Information Services Platform

1. FACULTÉ DES SCIENCES ÉCONOMIQUES ET SOCIALES Institute of Services Science Smartphones & Apps for Older Adults Quality of Life research group Dr Katarzyna Wac katarzyna.wac@unige.ch CODATA, 25th - 27th February 2013

2. health is our most precious asset

3. The Paradox Living longer… …but sicker Percentage of Deaths [United Na+ons, 2009; WHO, 2009]

4. Healthcare: Today & Tomorrow older society unhealthy lifestyle chronic diseases high cost centralized episodic cure affordable health for everyone continuous care patient empowerment & continuous efficient effective healthcare

5. Smartphone Factor

6. Smartphones Users [Smith, A., Smartphone Adop+on and Usage, Pew Research Center's Internet & American Life Project, Pew Internet & American Life Project, July 2011] •  6 billion mobile phone subscribers •  83% US adults have a cell phone of some kind: 42% - smartphone –  87% of smartphone owners access Internet/email on phone, 68% - daily

7. Smartphones Users •  How far is your phone? •  53% arm & 88% room level •  What factors influence your smartphone experience? [S. Ickin, K. Wac, et al., Factors Inﬂuencing Quality of Experience of Commonly-‐Used Mobile Applica+ons, IEEE COMMAG, 2012 ] [A. Dey, K. Wac, et al., Ge[ng Closer: An Empirical Inves+ga+on of the Proximity of User to Their Smart Phones, ACM UBICOMP, 2011 ]

8. FACULTÉ DES SCIENCES ÉCONOMIQUES ET SOCIALES Institute of Services Science 8 QoL Research Projects Ambient Assisted Living •  TraiNutri (AAL-2) •  WayFiS (AAL-3) •  MyGuardian (AAL-4)  User-centered design?

9. FACULTÉ DES SCIENCES ÉCONOMIQUES ET SOCIALES Institute of Services Science 9 AAL-2 TraiNutri TRAINing and NUTRItion senior social platform

10. FACULTÉ DES SCIENCES ÉCONOMIQUES ET SOCIALES Institute of Services Science 10 TraiNutri Targets •  Raise consciousness about self wellness •  Help people (50-65 years old) to develop healthy habits •  Enable the exchange of knowledge related to healthy physical activity and nutritional habits •  Consortium –  Spain, Greece, Switzerland, the Netherlands

11. FACULTÉ DES SCIENCES ÉCONOMIQUES ET SOCIALES Institute of Services Science 11 ALE Algorithm: Raw Data & Sample Median [Papers: GHF’12, AAAI‘12, IWFAR’11, SAA‘11]

12. FACULTÉ DES SCIENCES ÉCONOMIQUES ET SOCIALES Institute of Services Science 12 QoL: Physical Activity Level Monitoring [Papers: GHF’12, AAAI‘12, IWFAR’11, SAA‘11]

13. FACULTÉ DES SCIENCES ÉCONOMIQUES ET SOCIALES Institute of Services Science 13 AAL-3 WayFiS Way Finding Seniors

14. FACULTÉ DES SCIENCES ÉCONOMIQUES ET SOCIALES Institute of Services Science 14 WayFiS Targets •  Improving the capability of seniors to plan, manage and execute travel and transportation projects taking into account their specific limitations and healthy habits •  Facilitating the elderly feel healthy-well and safe •  Human-centric approach •  Consortium –  Spain, Switzerland, Hungary

15. FACULTÉ DES SCIENCES ÉCONOMIQUES ET SOCIALES Institute of Services Science 15 WayFiS Application [Papers: ERCIM’12, WIGPT‘11]

16. FACULTÉ DES SCIENCES ÉCONOMIQUES ET SOCIALES Institute of Services Science 16 AAL-4 MyGuardian A Pervasive Guardian for Elderly with Mild Cognitive Impairments

17. FACULTÉ DES SCIENCES ÉCONOMIQUES ET SOCIALES Institute of Services Science 17 MyGuardian Targets •  Facilitate safe & secure mobility of seniors with mild cognitive impairments while preserving their autonomy and dignity •  Improving wellbeing and eﬃciency of voluntary caregivers by ensuring their peace of mind and keeping them informed •  Human-centric approach •  Consortium –  Spain, Switzerland, France, the Netherlands

18. FACULTÉ DES SCIENCES ÉCONOMIQUES ET SOCIALES Institute of Services Science 18 Locations/Zones & Rules

19. MyGuardian Example Use Case Source: Dutch Freeband AWARENESS project

20. MyGuardian interaction algorithms speed accuracy complexity interactionstatistical signif. tests historical data policies user preferences

21. FACULTÉ DES SCIENCES ÉCONOMIQUES ET SOCIALES Institute of Services Science 21 AAL: Example Technical Challenges •  Performance –  ‘Best-eﬀort’network infrastructures –  Delays: one way or round- trip delays –  Throughput: consumer- producer paradigm •  Mobility: horizontal and vertical handovers –  Intra- and inter-operator •  Scalability •  Data priority over voice •  Communication costs –  Per MByte vs.‘flat-rate’ •  Security and Privacy –  Data encryption •  Power consumption •  Miniaturization of sensors/actuators •  Service personalization –  Individual user’s needs •  Standardization and interoperability [Papers: Wac et al., IEEE COMMAG‘12, IEEE TMC‘12, ACM UBICOMP’11, IEEE JSAC’09]

22. FACULTÉ DES SCIENCES ÉCONOMIQUES ET SOCIALES Institute of Services Science 22 Recommendations •  Challenges Ahead –  User acceptance –  Privacy, trust –  Interoperability, standardization –  Evaluation methods vs RCT –  Organizational issues, pathways –  Legalization, liability –  Financial aspects, reimbursements •  Recommendations –  mobile solutions technologically feasible for non-critical cases –  Inter/trans-disciplinary approach needed •  User-centered design –  Bridge the gap via an open, trustworthy dialogue –  Encode implicit expectations & requirements –  Innovation: “who’s turn is now”? •  Innovating the intervention content vs the IT infra. [K.Wac, Smartphone as a Personal, Pervasive Health Informa+cs Services Plaborm: Literature Review, IMIA Yearb Med Inform 2012 ]

23. Healthcare Processes vs Smartphone older society unhealthy lifestyle chronic diseases high cost centralized episodic cure affordable health for everyone continuous care patient empowerment & continuous efficient effective healthcare self-‐management via mHealth

24. Note on Android OS •  Hardware Sensors –  Acceleration forces in XYZ –  Gyroscope - rotation along XYZ –  Ambient light (lux) –  Pressure sensor (barometer), vibrometer –  Compass - ambient magnetic field in XYZ –  Proximity - near/far the object –  Temperature of battery –  Applications running, currently used application –  GPS, microphone (noise), camera, rotation, screen brightness –  WiFi, 2.5G/3G/4G, Bluetooth, Near Field Communication –  …and the phone itself (call received, missed, originated) and SMS/MMS

25. g.MobiLab+ by Ac+veTwo by LifeShirt by BioHarness by ATLASense by NeXus-‐4 by TeleCliniq by [K. Wac, A. Dey, BodyNets 2010] EMERGE by NeuroSky

26. Thank You! •  Quality of Life group •  Researching eﬃcient and eﬀective mobile systems in the healthcare domain delivering validated services to patients and healthcare professionals "anywhere-anytime-anyhow” •  Publications & information http://www.qol.unige.ch