BUSINESS CASE:
BUILDING INTEGRATED OPV
Marc DIJK (ICIS)
Ellen DE SCHEPPER (UHasselt)
Sebastien LIZIN (UHasselt)
Julie LEROY (Tweed)
Catherine DELVENNE (Cide-Socran)
Quentin BENFANTE (Cide-Socran)
Raphaël DARIMONT (Cide-Socran)
Seminar Cide-Socran
05/06/2012

Introduction and methodology
1. Objective:
 To contribute to Organext Valorisation WP
2. Inputs:
 Common OPV technology advantages
3. Methodology:
A. Desk research:
 Purpose: collect information about the current market and trends;
 Methodology: free and commercial DB (DialogPro, Profound, etc.).
B. Qualitative interviews:
 Purpose: collect information about Current market; Needs; Existing
products; Competitions; Regulations;
 Methodology: 15 face-to-face interviews
 Architects and engineering offices (10)
 PV vendors and integrators (5)
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Table of contents
1. TECHNOLOGY
2. MARKET
3. INDUSTRY
4. PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY
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1. TECHNOLOGY
 PV overview
 OPV characteristics
 OPV & Organext
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1. Technology: PV overview
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1. Technology: OPV characteristics
Acceptor examples
PCBM PTCDI
Donor examples
Pentacene
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1. Technology: OPV characteristics
 Flexibility
 Low weight
 Colour tunability
 Low cost
 Diffuse light
 Semi-transparent
Konarka
Heliatek
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1. Technology: OPV and the Organext Project
WP Objectives Last results
1. New • N-type semiconductor: • Synthesis and characterization of
Nanomaterials  New fullerene derivatives copolymers and cross-linkable
 Small molecules with acceptor groups copolymers
• Nanostructured polymers  Better control of the morphology
• Highly absorbent conjugated polymers
2. Deposition • Polymers • Evaporation of different DPP
techniques  Spin-coating and printing monomers with thiophene units
 Deposition of copolymers nanofibers by  Effect of the compound structure on the
electrospinning film structure and the device efficiency
• Small molecules • Spray Coating (can be used for
 Organic phase vapor deposition (OPVD) industrial process)
 Vacuum thermal evaporation (VTE)  As good as spin coating
• Hybrid systems • High transmission coating
 VTE applied on nanoparticules • Hybrid system pentacene/ GaN (gas
 Interface optimization phase deposition)
• Study of the degradation mechanism
3. Super Lab List of techniques available in the different This list is available on the website
partners group www.organext.org
4. Demonstrators Integration of organic solar cells in double glass Set up of the climate chamber
 Lifetime study
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1. Technology: technological positioning
 Efficiency
Organext
Partners
 Lifetime: today, 3 to 5 years (≈7%)
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2. MARKET
 PV history
 Installed power & applications
 BIPV market evolution
 BIPV interview results
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2. Market: PV history (Europe)
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2. Market: installed power & applications
1. Volume (grid connected):
 Europe (2011, source EPIA):
 Installations: 8,5 GW (= 68 Mio m²)
 Cumulative installed PV: 21,9 GW (=175 Mio m²)  +63%
 World (2011, source EPIA):
 Installations volume: 12,9 GW (=103 Mio m²)
 Cumulative installed PV: 29,7 GW (=238 Mio m²)  +76%
2. Applications:
 BAPV (Building Applied PV)
 BIPV (Building Integrated PV)
 Ground mounted PV
 Consumer electronics
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2. Market: installed power & applications
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2. Market: BIPV in the market
Source: BSW-Solar, June 2010
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2. Market: BIPV market evolution
7.00
6.00
5.00
4.00
Commercial
3.00 Residential
Industrial
2.00
1.00
0.00
2009 2010 2011 2016
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2. Market: BIPV market evolution
6.00
5.00
4.00
Roofing
Glass
3.00
Facades
Windows
2.00
Others
1.00
0.00
2009 2010 2011 2016
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2. Demand: BIPV interview results
 10 architects in Wallonia, Brussels, Flanders and Netherlands:
 Minimum size: 4 collaborators;
 Public and professional buildings (residential < 20%): 8;
 Residential buildings (professional < 20%): 2.
 Large scope of projects:
 Surfaces: up to 40.000 m²;
 Budgets: up to 10 M€;
 Floors: up to 12 floors;
 Representing between 150 and 200 projects per year.
 Only 2 BIPV projects illustrated
 Architect implication, as purchasing advisor, is very contrasted:
 Depending on their own interest:
 Depending on customer portfolio.
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2. Demand: BIPV interview results
 PV use and customer objectives
 Use of PV more generalised in new residential buildings (before the
review of the public subsidies) than in professional
 Very often, the architect is not involved in PV project but they
propose it as an option in their quote.
 The customer consider the PV aspects at the end of the project, if
still available budgets.
 Main customers objectives:
 6/10: finance (including price, lifetime, R.O.I, etc.);
 3/10: image and environment (mainly linked to public buildings);
 1/10: dislike PV products.
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2. Demand: BIPV interview results
 Who is the project initiator?
 7/10: customer / end user is the initiator;
 3/10: active proposition of architect for a global energy approach.
 Who gives technical advise?
 Architects’ knowledge in PV (and energy technologies) is weak.
 So they need technical support:
 Small projects (residential, SME): directly with the vendor
 Bigger projects:
 Vendor (with “in-house” engineers): private markets
 Independent engineering office: multi-energy/complex projects or public
markets
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2. Demand: BIPV interview results
 Main current PV selection criteria:
 Financial: T.C.O.O. (Total Cost Of Ownership: investment and
maintenance), efficiency, revenues, lifetime  ROI
 Technical agreements and labels.
Note: Materials used in construction must respect norms (ex: fire
protection, etc.)
 Other criteria (for people concerned with environment and
image):
 Aesthetics and discretion;
Note: when discretion is a must, PV panels can be hidden.
 Environmental impact;
 Toxicity of components;
 Recycling.
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2. Demand: BIPV interview results
 Trends in building sector
 Zero energy buildings;
 Windows surfaces optimization;
Note: windows = 35% of facades surface, with a lower insulation
performance than walls.
 Facades renovations for old buildings;
 Development of “multi-functional” solutions: electricity production
associated with walls, insulation, hermetic roofs, complex
techniques, etc.
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2. Demand: BIPV interview results
 Windows :
 If OPV becomes almost fully transparent.
 Decrease natural light to produce electricity (used for artificial lighting)
 Note: 60% of the electricity consumption during the day is dedicated to
lighting.
 If used as substitute to opaque glass.
 Roofs :
 If new urbanism rules (ex: listed buildings)
 Because lot of substitutes solutions
Advantages:
 Vertical performances of OPV
 More probably:
 Give originality to the wall and
 Curtain walls and canopies; contribute to building/company identity
 Interior walls (i.e.: in sun lounge);  Curtain walls are ready to cable
 Facade renovation or construction
 First customers = public and large buildings
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2. Demand: BIPV interview results
 Barriers:
 Current weak performances and prices of OPV
 Urbanism restrictions > first applications may concern commercial
zonings
 Fear of deterioration (tags...)
 Competition:
 Colours are already available
 Thin films BIPV are improving
 ...
 Lack of budgets for the total project
 Reduction of PV subsidies
 Lack of regulation to constraint PV installation
 Today energy prices are relatively low if we consider environmental
externalities.
 ...
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2. Market: sizing the market
Window Wall Roof
Total 4.260 Mio m² (2008)
Steel World = 432 Mio m² (2008) World = 1.000 Mio m² (2008)
EU = 93 Mio m²
Glass World = 6.400 Mio m²
New construction: 2.400 Mio m²
Renewal: 2.400 Mio m²
Others (excl interior) : 1.600 Mio m² (inc. Solar PV)
Glass PV (100% front/ 50% back ) 10 à 12 Mio m² (2009)(mainly roof)
Building surface area potentially available = 3.700 Mio m² or 463 GWc
(Source, EPIA 2009)
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3. INDUSTRY
 BIPV products & suppliers
 BIPV value chain
 Global BIPV supply
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3. Industry: BIPV products & suppliers
BIPV products-solar cell type matrix
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3. Industry: BIPV products & suppliers
Roof
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3. Industry: BIPV products & suppliers
Façade
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3. Industry: BIPV products & suppliers
Windows
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Industry: BIPV products & suppliers
2008: Konarka has introduced the Power
Plastics to the commercial Market. March 2012: Heliatek GmbH
2012 : Konarka Technologies Advances Award inaugurated its first production
Winning Power Plastic Solar Cell Efficiency facility for the manufacture of
with 9% Certification flexible organic solar panels in
Dresden
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BIPV value chain
(O)PV solar cell manufacturer
BIPV module manufacturer
BOS manufacturer
Engineering office Architect
Policy
Contractor
Subcontractor
End consumer
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3. Industry: Global BIPV supply
External environment - Current situation:
 Crisis in PV sector
• Financial crisis
• Decreasing solar subsidies
• Dumping prices Chinese competitors
 Focus on BAPV/ground-mounted PV, rather than on (more
expensive) BIPV
• BIPV <5% of global installed PV power
• Mostly in countries with BIPV support mechanisms
Source BIPV: An overview of the existing products and their fields of application
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3. Industry: Global BIPV supply
 Facade prices
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3. Industry: Global BIPV supply
Forecast (Europe):
 Stabilization PV market (2013-2014)
 Legislation regarding energy requirements of (new) buildings
 Focus on custom-made high-end applications to compete with
Chinese competitors
Seminar Cide-Socran Source: Solar&Energy, BIPV Technology
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05/06/2012 and Market Forecast 2009-2015

4. PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT
STRATEGY
 Organext valorisation
 Tool proposal
 Examples
 Highlights
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4. Product development: Organext Valorisation
Step Focus Organext Progress
1. Characterisation of Deliverable in terms of High Level of
project deliverable use and value creation knowledge and
(functionalities) expertise
2. Identification of To be done
applications and
segments
3. Characterisation of •State of the art in In progress. Inputs
market segments scientific and technical for steps 1 and 2.
matters + IP
•Characteristics of market
•Determinants of demand
•Characteristics of industry
•Competition / substitutes
4. Strategy formulation
Partnerships with Industrial Partners
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4. Product development: tool Proposal
(not exhaustive)
Substrates Processing Capture oblique
Integrability Curves Transparency Colour
compatibility techniques sunbeam
Roofs
Flat roof
Hipped roof
Tiles
Roofing
Metal siding
Glass roof
Facades
Glass facades
Curtain wall
Canopies
Classical
Wall siding
Canopies
Windows
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Example 1: PV Curtain Wall
Industry value chain:
PV panels + structure  façade contractors  general construction  client
Partnership example:
Reynaers (curtain wall) and Issol (PV)
Competitors:
Schuco, Reynaers, Kawneer, Hueck,
Wicona / Technal, SAPA, etc
Price:
Installed curtain wall (without PV) : 450€ / m²
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Example 2: Full Construction Solution
Partnership EDF ENR Solaire and Allouis Face InTec®
Micromorph®: upper layer made with amorphous silicium
and lower layer made with microcrystalline.
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Example 3: Facade Renovation
 Lot of building facades are old-fashion and damaged
 New OPV skin may be a good opportunity to mix energy
preoccupations and aesthetics
 Ex: Gebrik’s solution
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To conclude: highlights
• Construction and BIPV is a very demanding market:
• Strict Rules
• Lifetime
• Price
• Construction market is very conservative.
• Main criteria is €/Wp. Note: first solar panels have been sold with 12%
efficiency.
• Fierce competition.
• BIPV is a large market with a lot of potential applications and segments.
• OPV products are possible trough new materials with added
functionalities
• Valorisation perspectives must include industrial partnerships
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THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION
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