The document provides an overview of stem cells, explaining their defining characteristics, including their ability to differentiate into various cell types and their function in regeneration. It discusses the two main types of stem cells—embryonic and adult—as well as induced pluripotent stem cells, highlighting their potentials and challenges in medical applications. Additionally, it emphasizes the role of stem cells in regenerative medicine, drug development, and disease modeling.

2. You‘ll find out…
• What stem cells actually are.
• Which talents they have.
• Why you need them.
• How to become a millionaire.
• The last point was a lie (or not).

3. Stem cells  ancient tribe?
• are concerning each higher organism
• are „building stones“
• 1st stem cell  fertilized ovum
•  foundation for the whole organism
• via multiplication & differentiation of stem cells
•  >200 different cell types
• formation of all tissues & organs

5. Have you ever met a stem cell?
• 2 defining capabilities to know it‘s a stem cell indeed
1 Specialization
• after divison  secondary cell specialized
• „choose if they want to be“ a neuron, blood- ,bone-,.. cell
• stem cells are universal cells
•  not originally made as a certain type of cell
• fulfill important regeneration & reparation functions

6. Have you ever met a stem cell?
• 2 defining capabilities to know it‘s a stem cell indeed
• by replication
•  replacement is like a copy
•  same properties
2 Self-Renewal

7. How can they help us?
• regenerative & general medicine
• drug development
• therapeutic use
• disease modelling

8. Stem cell = stem cell?
• differentiate 2 central forms
•  concerning their origin
1 Embryonic Stem Cells (ESCs)
• „mothers of all cells“
• can turn into any specific type of cell
• struggles:
• exist only for a short period of time
• medical use is ethically controversial

9. Stem cell = stem cell?
• differentiate 2 central forms
2 Adult Stem Cells
• „knights in shining armour“
• create substitutes
• ensure to fix/replace destroyed cells
• cannot differentiate into all types of cells
• struggles:
• obtaining  difficult, risky & expensive

10. Toti- pluri- what?!
• distinguish them by their potency
• can differentiate into any kind of cell
• are able to give rise to an entirely functional organism
• example: fertilized ovums
1 Totipotent Stem Cells

11. 2 Pluripotent Stem Cells
Toti- pluri- what?!
• distinguish them by their potency
• are similar to totipotent stem cells
• can differentiate into any kind of cells
• are able to give rise to all tissue types
•  but not to an entire organism
• example: embryonic stem cells

12. Toti- pluri- what?!
• distinguish them by their potency
• can differentiate into different cell types within a tissue type
• example: adult stem cells
3 Multipotent Stem Cells

13. Research amazing – stem cells amazing
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs)
• are synthesized
• by adding gens to ordinary tissue cells
•  leads to „reprogramming“
• manmade qualities  similiar to embryonic stem cells
• medical use  lesser ethical issue

14. Research amazing – stem cells amazing
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs)
• may be produced corresponding to a patient´s needs
• Problem of immune rejection solved?
• possibility to differentiate them into neurons
• huge potential in medical use

15. Multitalents  heal, help & hypnotize
• Just kidding, but who knows what research may find out?
• stem cells can replace damaged cells
• are used after heart attacks, burns, spinal cord injuries, strokes, …
1 Regenerative Medicine

16. Multitalents  heal, help & hypnotize
• Just kidding, but who knows what research may find out?
• used to create organs & tissues
• huge potential in medicine
2 Synthesis

17. Multitalents  heal, help & hypnotize
• Just kidding, but who knows what research may find out?
• used to develop medicine
• prevent side effects
• reduce animal testing
3 Drug Development

18. Multitalents  heal, help & hypnotize
• Just kidding, but who knows what research may find out?
• used to model disease mechanisms
• in order to better understand illnesses
• to improve healing chances
4 Disease Modelling

20. How do we know?
We just asked them 
• https://www.vita34.at/stammzellen/
• https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stammzelle
• http://www.planet-wissen.de/natur/forschung/stammzellen_die_alleskoenner_unter_den_zellen/
• http://flexikon.doccheck.com/de/Stammzelle
• http://www.oeaw.ac.at/oesterreichische-akademie-der-wissenschaften/die-oeaw/article/stammzellen-ersatzteile-aus-dem-labor/
• http://www.forumgesundheit.at/portal27/forumgesundheitportal/content?contentid=10007.757033&viewmode=content&portal:componentId=gtnd
dbb3089-5ab1-4bb1-b4b8-5b4d46e787b6
• http://www.imabe.org/index.php?id=1737
• http://www.wissensschau.de/stammzellen/ips_zellen.php
• https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Induzierte_pluripotente_Stammzelle
• https://www.welt.de/wissenschaft/article123838643/Stammzellen-helfen-bei-Arzneimittel-Entwicklung.html
• http://www.wissensschau.de/stammzellen/embryonale_stammzellen.php
• http://www.zellwerk.biz/serv_stemc.htm
• http://www.ivf.at/BEHANDLUNG/K%C3%BCnstlicheBefruchtung.aspx
• Drawings: Google Autodraw_by Isabell Aigner
• http://www.planet-wissen.de/natur/forschung/stammzellen_die_alleskoenner_unter_den_zellen/mitstammzellenneuewirkstoffeerforschen100~_v-
ARDAustauschformat.jpg