Basics of web technologies

1. Web Technologies
WebPage - Specific collection of information provided by a website & displaying the same to users
WebSite - Collection of WebPages
Domain Name System (DNS)
- converts human readable domain name into IP address (Bambootechies)
Hosting - Shared Server / Dedicated Server
Digital Address:
- Domain Name
- Server to Host the Application
- Privacy Protection
- SSL - Secure Socket Layer

2. Happens when we hit a URL :
1. Browser will check cache for DNS entry to find the corresponding IP address of website.
It tries to find in anyone of the below,
i. Browser Cache
ii. Operating Systems Cache
iii. Router Cache
iv. ISP Cache
2. If not found in cache, ISP (Internet Service Provider) DNS server initiates a DNS query to
find IP address of server that hosts the domain name..
3. Browser initiates a TCP (Transfer Control Protocol) connection with the server using
synchronize(SYN) and acknowledge(ACK) messages.

3. Contd...
TCP - Stateful (Error Checking and recovery), Reliable
UDP - Stateless
Browser sends an HTTP request to the web server.
Reference Link -> Methods: GET / POST / DELETE / PUT / PATCH
1. Server on the host computer handles that request and sends back a response. It assembles a response in
some format like JSON, XML and HTML.
2. Server sends out an HTTP response along with the status of response.
3. Browser displays HTML content

4. HTTP Response Code
100 - Continue informational status
200 - OK success
300 - Indicates more than one response for that request
400 - Bad Request
500 - Internal Server Error
Reference - HTTP Response Code & it’s information

5. To run an application
HTTP Server: Apache, Nginx, IIS, Tomcat Apache, Lighttpd
Server Side Scripts: Java, PHP, Dot Net, NodeJs
Client Side Scripts: HTML, CSS, Javascript
CSS - Frameworks: Bootstrap, Material, Bulma, UIKit, Semantic UI
Javascript Library: jQuery
JS - Frameworks: VueJS, ReactJs, AngularJs

6. CMS - Content Management System
Ex. WordPress, Magento, Drupal, Joomla
CRM - Customer Relationship Management
Ex. ZOHO, Odoo, Oro, X2CRM, SuiteCRM, VTiger
HRM - Human Resource Management
Ex. OpenHRMS, OrangeHRM, Capterra