Unintentional
Injury
Preventi n
Safety
First Aid
Ms.Joana MarieM.Bernasol
Bro.AndrewGonzalezT
echnical High School

First Aid
is an immediate and temporary care given to
a person who suddenly gets ill or injured.
It includes self-help and home care i f medical
assistance is not available or delayed.
It can mean the difference between life and
death in extreme cases.

R les f First Aid
1. It is a bridge that feels the gap between the
victim and the physician
2. It is not intended to compete with or to take
place of the services of the physician
3. It ends when the services of the physician
begins.

f First Aid
Objectives
1. To save lives
2. To prolong life
3. To alleviate suffering
4. To prevent further injury

Characteristics f a G d
First Aider
1. Gentle- does not cause pain and panic
2. Observant- notices all signs
3. Resourceful- makes the best use of things at
hand
4. Tactful- does not frighten the victim
5. Sympathetic- comforts and reassures the
victim

Principles
D ’s
1. Stay calm
2. Reassure and comfort the
victim
3. Check for medical bracelet
4. Loosen any tight clothing
5. Keep the victim covered to
reduce shock
f First Aid
D n’ts
1. Don’t give food and
drink to an unconscious
person
2. Don’t move an injured
person unless you need
to place him/her in the
recovery position

Steps in Assessing
Emergency Situations

Is anyone in danger?
If yes, can the
danger be easily
managed?
If it cannot, call
for emergency
help and protect
the scene.
Move to the quietest victim
Gently shake the
shoulders and ask
question
If the victim
responds, treat any
life-threatening
conditions
If there is no
response, check
the airway
Open the air way
Do the
“Head Tilt-
Chin Lift
Method”
If breathing,
check for any
life-threatening
conditions
If not breathing,
rescue breaths
If rescuer is
alone, call for
ambulance
Check for breathing
Look for signs
of circulation
If the victim is a
child or an adult
who has suffered
from a drowning or
accident, proceed
directly to CPR.
Otherwise, look for
signs of life such as
movement and
normal skin color

Dressing and
Bandaging

ffi unds
is a break in the continuity of a
tissue in the body.
It may be closed in which there is
no break or damage in the skin. It is
also called hematoma or contusions.

1.
Kinds f Open ffi unds
3.
4.
5.
Puncture is a piercing wound caused by nails, needles
and other pointed objects
2. Abrasion is caused by rubbing or scraping the skin
against a rough surface.
Incision is a cut caused by knife, broken glass or any
sharp object.
Laceration is a blunt breaking or tearing of soft tissues
usually resulting from mishandling tools and other
accidents.
Avulsion is a forcible tearing or partial tearing away of
tissues.

Dressing
•A piece of sterile cloth that
covers a wound to prevent
infection and/or to stop
bleeding

Bandages
• have three key uses:
1. applying pressure to bleeding wounds;
2. covering wounds and burns;
3. and providing support and immobilization for broken
bones, sprains, and strains.
• These includes gauze, triangular, Elastic, and
tubular bandage.

Tw Phases f Bandaging
Open Phase Bandaging
Cravat Phase bandaging

Bandaging f r head injuries Chest Bandage

Hand Bandage Underarm Sling

Head Cravat Bandage
Arm Sling

Cravat Bandage f r Neck
Cravat Bandage f r Temple

Cravat Bandage f r Elb w
Cravat Bandage f r Temple

Cravat Bandage f r Elb w
Cravat Bandage f r Knee

Cravat Bandage f r F r earm
Cravat Bandage f r Leg

Cravat Bandage f r Palm
Cravat Bandage f r F t

Sh ulder/Armpit Cravat

Carrying and
Transporting

Fact rs t c nsider:
• Weight and height of the victim
• Status of the victim (conscious or unconscious)
• Environment (safe, floor is smooth, narrow or
wide)
• Special need considerations (injuries of the
victims)

Kinds of
Transport
One Man Transp r t
Three r M re Man Transp r t

One Man Transp r t
Fireman’s Carry
• the easiest way to
transport a light
and smaller victim

One Man Transp r t
Pack Strap Carry
• when the victim is
smaller than the
first aider

One Man Transp r t
Shoulder Drag
• used when the floor
is smooth, short
distance transport

One Man Transp r t
Fireman’s Drag or
Tied-Hands Crawl
• used when first
aider and victim
must crawl
underneath a low
structure

One Man Transp r t
Blanket Drag
• used when the
victim is seriously
injured and should
not be lifted.

Three r m re-Man Transp r t
Hammock Carry
• used when there
are three first
aiders

Three r m re-Man Transp r t
Chair or Seat Carry
• when there are two
first aiders and a
chair is available

Three r m re-Man Transp r t
Bearer Along Side
Carry
• carriers will stay
on the uninjured
side of the victim

Three r m re-Man Transp r t
Six-Man Lift or
Carry
• When there are six
first aiders

First Aid for Common
Unintentional Injuries
Fracture
Sprain
Dr wning
Burns
Disl cati n Heat exhausti n
F d P is ning Ch king
Heart Attack Chemical Burns
Heat Str ke Str ke

F ractu re
1. Check vital Signs
2. Do not move the injured par t
3. Stop bleeding i f there is any
4. If you have to move the person, immobilize
the broken part by splinting
5. Seek medical help immediately

Dislocat ion
1. Call for help immediately
2.Splint the affected part
3. Do not t r y to move the dislocated part or
force it back into place
4. Apply ice on the injured part to induce
swelling

Sprain/St r a in
1. Rest the injured part
2. Apply ice
3. Compress the injured part
4.Elevate

Heat Exhaustion
1.Transport the victim to a cool place
2. Give him plenty of water
3. Check for vital signs
4. Seek for medical help

Food Poisoning
1. Help the person to lie down and rest
2. Give him plenty of flavorless fluid and a
bowl to use i f he vomits
3. Call for medical help i f the condition
worsens

Choking
1. Ask the person i f he is choking
2.Encourage him to cough
3. Give him 5 back blows i f he cannot speak
or stops coughing
4.If it fails, t r y abdominal thrusts
5. Check his mouth for obstructions
6.If not clear, call for ambulance

Drownin g
1.Lay the person down
2. Check breathing and open the airway
3. Give CPR i f necessary
4.If he is breathing, place him in
recovery position
5.Treat for hypothermia by removing wet
clothes and cover with dry blanket

Heart Attack
1. Help the person sit or lie down with head
elevated
2. Call for medical help
3.If he is conscious, give full-dose
aspirin and advise to chew slowly
4.Monitor vital signs
5. Give rescue breaths and chest
compression i f necessary

Chemical Burns
1. Make sure that contact with the
electrical source is broken
2. Flood with plenty of water
3.Wear gloves and place sterile dressing
or bandage
4. Call for medical help
5.Treat for possible shock

Burn s
1. Flood with cold water and cover i f minor
2.Fro severe, help the person to lie down
and douse the burn with cold liquid
3. Do not delay medical help
4.Wear gloves and gently remove
accessories/clothing then cover
5.Monitor vital signs and treat for shock

Heat Stroke
1. Move to a cool place and loosen clothing
2. Call for medical help
3.Wrap in cold wet sheet until it returns
to normal body temperature
4.Monitor vital signs

Stroke
1. If conscious, help the victim to lie down with head
and shoulders raised/supported
2. Place a towel on shoulder to absord any dribbling
3. Call for help
4. Loosen tight clothing
5. Monitor vital signs
6. Be ready to give rescue breaths and chest
compressions