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byron bay film festival | 8 march 2010<br />Beyond the Rights Clearance Culture:<br />New Ways to Think about Copyright in Film<br />profbrianfitzgerald<br />& jessica coates<br />

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copyright<br />

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"Copyright", Randall Munroe, http://xkcd.org/14/, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 2.5 license<br />AUSTRALIA<br />part of the Creative Commons international initiative<br />CRICOS No. 00213J<br />

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Generic 2.020081104_Indianpolis_IN_UAWGOTV0304 by Barack Obama, http://flickr.com/photos/barackobamadotcom/3008245391<br />

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Generic 2.0Yoko Ono by cliff1066™, http://flickr.com/photos/nostri-imago/2873284890<br />

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Generic 2.0The Child Abdullah by Al Jazeera, http://cc.aljazeera.net/asset/language/arabic/child-abdullah-report<br />

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copyright<br />

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gutenberg press<br />Generic 2.0Printing Press by Gastev, http://flickr.com/photos/gastev/360505392<br />

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statute of anne<br />

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Generic 2.0Dollar Eagle Paper by Photos8, http://www.photos8.com/dollar_eagle_paper-wallpapers.html<br />

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Berne Convention 1886<br />Rome Convention 1961<br />TRIPS Agreement 1994<br />WCT and WPPT 1996<br />stainless steel globe; Corona Park by Global Jet, http://flickr.com/photos/global-jet/2473311265<br />

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covers everything you want to use - film, music, script, dance, art, computer programs <br />covers everything you want to do – copy, publish, email, post online, remix, reuse, share<br />commercial or non-commercial<br />Generic 2.0No unauthorised persons @ Troutbeck Road, Sheffield by timparkinson, http://flickr.com/photos/timparkinson/3248398830<br />

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ALL RIGHTS RESERVED<br />

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ALL RIGHTS RESERVED<br />

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WORKS<br />

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literary works<br />compilation expressed in words, figures or symbols – incl computer programs<br />Open Book by Osbornb, http://flickr.com/photos/osbornb/2457712870<br />

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literary works<br />compilation expressed in words, figures or symbols – incl computer programs<br />dramatic works<br />play, choreography, dumb show<br />Tribal Dance by BdwayDiva1, http://flickr.com/photos/bdwaydiva1/2306372642<br />

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literary works<br />compilation expressed in words, figures or symbols – incl computer programs<br />dramatic works<br />play, choreography, dumb show<br />musical works<br />score, tune – not recording <br />A gal and her guitar by xlordashx, http://www.flickr.com/photos/xlordashx/2936494210<br />

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literary works<br />compilation expressed in words, figures or symbols – incl computer programs<br />dramatic works<br />play, choreography, dumb show<br />musical works<br />score, tune – not recording <br />artistic works<br />paintings, sculptures, photographs, diagrams, buildings & models of buildings<br />portrait: yellows and blues by freeparking, http://flickr.com/photos/freeparking/2801058207<br />

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OTHER SUBJECT MATTER<br />

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films<br />including moving images in computer games<br />16mm educational film screening by lorelei, http://flickr.com/photos/filmfatale/423329167<br />

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films<br />including moving images in computer games<br />sound recordings<br />the actual ‘taping’ – eg original v cover<br />Audio Technica ATH-M50 byCLF, http://flickr.com/photos/clf/3184796740<br />

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films<br />including moving images in computer games<br />sound recordings<br />the actual ‘taping’ – eg original v cover<br />broadcasts<br />radio and TV<br />Kent Portable Tube AM Radio byalexkerhead, http://flickr.com/photos/alexkerhead/3607581577<br />

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films<br />including moving images in computer games<br />sound recordings<br />the actual ‘taping’ – eg original v cover<br />broadcasts<br />radio and TV<br />published editions<br />the ‘look’ and ‘layout’ of books etc<br />Side byeuphbass, http://flickr.com/photos/euphbass/3317710740<br />

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RIGHTS<br />

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reproduce<br />Do Not Turn The Photo Copier Off by Beige Alert, http://flickr.com/photos/beigephotos/329699908<br />

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reproduce<br />communicate to the public<br />http://icanhascheezburger.com/2007/06/29/i-m-in-ur-internet/<br />

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reproduce<br />communicate to the public<br />publish<br />The Fruits of Religion 1 by andymangold, http://flickr.com/photos/andymangold/3489545384<br />

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reproduce<br />communicate to the public<br />publish<br />perform in public<br />Red drapery by shaire productions, http://flickr.com/photos/shaireproductions/3056579358<br />

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reproduce<br />communicate to the public<br />publish<br />perform in public<br />adapt (except artistic)<br />Cut my breath by batega, http://flickr.com/photos/batega/1467019878<br />

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reproduce<br />communicate to the public<br />publish<br />perform in public<br />adapt (except artistic)<br />rental right for software<br />Cut my breath by batega, http://flickr.com/photos/batega/1467019878<br />

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S.O.T.W<br />RIGHTS<br />

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copy (only right for published editions)<br />Do Not Turn The Photo Copier Off by Beige Alert, http://flickr.com/photos/beigephotos/329699908<br />

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copy (only right for published editions)<br />perform (seen/heard in public)<br />Red drapery by shaire productions, http://flickr.com/photos/shaireproductions/3056579358<br />

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copy (only right for published editions)<br />perform (seen/heard in public)<br />communicate to the public<br />http://icanhascheezburger.com/2007/06/29/i-m-in-ur-internet/<br />

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copy (only right for published editions)<br />perform (seen/heard in public)<br />communicate to the public<br />also commercial rental for sound recordings<br />http://icanhascheezburger.com/2007/06/29/i-m-in-ur-internet/<br />

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Generic 2.0No unauthorised persons @ Troutbeck Road, Sheffield by timparkinson, http://flickr.com/photos/timparkinson/3248398830<br />

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Desk Mine by Kitty de Medici, http://www.flickr.com/photos/kittieth/1370989416/<br />works owner = author<br />subject matter owner = maker<br />(with some exceptions)<br />

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automatic protection<br />registration not required<br />notification not required<br />original expression<br />Generic 2.0No unauthorised persons @ Troutbeck Road, Sheffield by timparkinson, http://flickr.com/photos/timparkinson/3248398830<br />

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Generic 2.0Onions by Margot Wolfs by Margot Wolfs, http://flickr.com/photos/margotwolfs/4032976495<br />

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material can be protected in more than one copyright category eg computer games = literary works and films<br />a single product can include more than one copyright work eg broadcast = broadcast, film, sound recording, script, music, lyrics, art<br />Generic 2.0Onions by Margot Wolfs by Margot Wolfs, http://flickr.com/photos/margotwolfs/4032976495<br />

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Generic 2.0Stop by brainware3000, http://flickr.com/photos/brainware3000/22205084<br />

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PUBLIC DOMAIN<br />

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Generic 2.0Stopwatch by wwarby, http://flickr.com/photos/wwarby/3297205226<br />

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WORKS = LIFE<br />Generic 2.0Tombstone of Bertha Heilborn (nee Epstein) in Guttentag cemetery by dlisbona, http://flickr.com/photos/dlisbona/1117569429<br />

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+70 YEARS<br />Generic 2.0Zombie! cemetery by danhollisterduck, http://flickr.com/photos/dhollister/2596483147<br />

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S.M.O.T.W<br />Generic 2.0Compact Calendar Card - Design 3 by Joel Lanman, http://flickr.com/photos/joelanman/367425390<br />

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70 YEARS<br />Generic 2.0Compact Calendar Card - Design 3 by Joel Lanman, http://flickr.com/photos/joelanman/367425390<br />

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Generic 2.0Shakespeare by Plutor, http://www.flickr.com/photos/plutor/174493667/<br />

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SUBSTANTIAL PART<br />

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Generic 2.0Tiny by AMagill, http://www.flickr.com/photos/amagill/3660775191/<br />

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EXCEPTIONS<br />

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FAIRDEALING<br />

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research or study (s40)<br />Generic 2.0That time of year again… by Etwood, http://flickr.com/photos/etwood/231364920<br />

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research or study (s40)<br />criticism or review (s41)<br />Generic 2.0Cut my breath by batega, http://flickr.com/photos/batega/1467019878<br />

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research or study (s40)<br />criticism or review (s41)<br />parody or satire (s41A)<br />Generic 2.0Evil Dead Poster Parodies by jbcurio, http://flickr.com/photos/jbcurio/2593693627<br />

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research or study (s40)<br />criticism or review (s41)<br />parody or satire (s41A)<br />reporting the news (s42)<br />Generic 2.0yesterdays news by chaosinjune, http://flickr.com/photos/cijmyjune/521661296<br />

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research or study (s40)<br />criticism or review (s41)<br />parody or satire (s41A)<br />reporting the news (s42)<br />legal advice (s43)<br />Generic 2.0Barrister Bear by Shiny Things, http://flickr.com/photos/shinythings/161216658<br />

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OTHER EXCEPTIONS<br />

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public buildings and statues (s66)<br />incidental filming (s67)<br />Generic 2.0Writing for Film & Television students behind the scenes while filming "7 Day Work Week", a Port Short<br />by vancouverfilmschool, http://www.flickr.com/photos/vancouverfilmschool/3704913141/<br />

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STATUTORY (and blanket) LICENSING<br />

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screenrights – use of films<br />ppca – sound recordings<br />(apra-amcos – music)<br />Money, Money, Money by borman818, http://www.flickr.com/photos/dborman2/3258378233/<br />

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VOLUNTARY LICENSING<br />

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you can do anything with permission<br />OMGWTF... weighing in at 800 lbs. … by joebeone http://www.flickr.com/photos/joebeone/2585191273/<br />

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PERMISSIONS CULTURE<br />

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Tarnation<br />created on a mac for $218<br />home footage and cultural ref<br />screened at Sundance, won awards<br />http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mLDQL23nutw<br />$400k for copyright clearances<br />http://jonathancaouette.blogspot.com/<br />

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Outfoxed<br />dococriticising Fox news<br />footage permissions not forthcoming<br />so released own footage under CC <br />…I learned how cumbersome and expensive it can be to license footage from news organizations I could think of no better way to walk the talk myself than by releasing the interviews from Outfoxed and Uncovered under a license that allows other filmmakers to use my material in new and creative ways - David Greenwald<br />http://www.outfoxed.org/ <br />

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Aims to make copyright more flexible by providing free licences that creators can use to give certain permissions in advance<br />

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OPEN LICENSING<br />

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Generic 2.0Proce55ing Source Code by schoschie, http://flickr.com/photos/schoschie/8821223<br />

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Generic 2.0Mail art, Copyleft by Manfred Stirnemann by tomislavmedak, http://flickr.com/photos/tomislavmedak/3804029530<br />

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Generic 2.0And free as in beer by elliottbledsoe, http://flickr.com/photos/flashphotographyandscreams/2798838205<br />

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ALL RIGHTS RESERVED<br />

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SOME RIGHTS RESERVED<br />

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CC is designed to…<br />provide standardised licences<br />that facilitate sharing<br />are flexible <br />are easy to use and understand (for people and machines) and<br />that apply in the same way anywhere in the world.<br />AUSTRALIA<br />part of the Creative Commons international initiative<br />CRICOS No. 00213J<br />

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CC Myths<br />CC is not:<br />anti-copyright – just another rights management tool<br />the public domain – just giving certain permission in advance<br />anti-commercial – can charge for first use, commercial uses, “premium” service, or embed advertising<br />right for every situation – entirely voluntary, and won’t be best solution for all creators<br />Free, as in beer by Unhindered by Talent available at http://www.flickr.com/photos/nicmcphee/2345633527/ under a Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike 2.0 licence<br />AUSTRALIA<br />part of the Creative Commons international initiative<br />CRICOS No. 00213J<br />

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ATTRIBUTION<br />

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(BY)<br />

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NON-COMMERCIAL<br />

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(NC)<br />

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SHARE ALIKE<br />

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(SA)<br />

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NO DERIVATIVE WORKS<br />

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(ND)<br />

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by<br />by-nc<br />by-sa<br />by-nd<br />by-nc-sa<br />by-nc-nd<br />

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Attribution-ShareAlike<br />Attribution<br />Attribution-Noncommercial-ShareAlike<br />Attribution-Noncommercial<br />Attribution-Noncommercial-NoDerivatives<br />Attribution-NoDerivatives<br />AUSTRALIA<br />part of the Creative Commons international initiative<br />CRICOS No. 00213J<br />

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CC AS A RESOURCE<br />

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http://creativecommons.org.au/infopacks/findingmaterial<br />

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About 250 million CC objects on the internet<br />Over 130 million photos on Flickr alone<br />Thank you for sharing by Clearly Ambiguous available at http://www.flickr.com/photos/clearlyambiguous/39896923/ under a Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 licence<br />

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www.smh.com.au<br />Eiffel Tower at night by rednuht,<br />http://www.flickr.com/photos/rednuht/275062341/,<br />Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 <br />http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/deed.en<br />

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Generic 2.0Andy in the VAB by adactio, http://flickr.com/photos/adactio/301112397<br />

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http://openchannel.org.au/blogs/videoslam/<br />

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http://www.pool.org.au/<br />

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Powerhouse Museum<br /><ul><li>20x increased visitation

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crowd-sourced metadata

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unexpected discoveries (eg locations)‏

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partnerships (eg ABC)‏

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reduced costs for Australian community (eg</li></ul> schools) <br /><ul><li>didn’t hurt sales

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released 1500 public domain photographs to Flickr Commons

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‘Play’ worksheets available under CC BY-NC

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encouraged CC for ‘photo of the day’

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collection descriptions and data under CC</li></ul>promotional + other benefits = net +ve $<br />Woman holding decorated bicycle, Phillips Glass Plate Negative Collection, Powerhouse Museum, www.powerhousemuseum.com/<br />collection/database/collection=Phillips_Glass_Plate_Negative<br />CRICOS No. 00213J<br />

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Generic 2.0IBM Think D100 Test by Howdy, I'm H. Michael Karshis, http://flickr.com/photos/hmk/2741404653<br />

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LICENCE COMPLIANCE<br />

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NEED NON-© RIGHTS?<br />

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DON’T BE DEROGATORY<br />

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ATTRIBUTE<br />

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USE COMMON SENSE<br />

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LICENSING YOUR WORK<br />

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Australia 2.5Which Creative Commons licence is right for me? by ccAustralia, http://creativecommons.org.au/factsheets/licensing-flowchart<br />

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the tide of ‘big screen movie-and-popcorn’ enthusiasts did not exchange the box office lines for their computers . . . if there were no demand, the film would not have returned to the big screen<br />http://www.cafune.com/<br />

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Many of these videos address concerns that are largely ignored by other funding and distribution outlets. . . Creative Commons provides a very usable framework for filmmakers … They can allow reproduction and distribution while preserving some rights . . .that leaves open the potential to recoup production funds through commercial distribution of their work. – Anna Helm<br />http://www.engagemedia.org/<br />

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Sita Sings the Blues – Nina Paley<br />Total donations from people who appreciate her giving out free content: $23,000<br />Profits from her online store which sells merchandise and DVDs: $19,000<br />Theatrical distribution revenues: $3,000 (out of total box office tally of $22,350) <br />Additional DVD distribution: $3,000<br />Broadcast television distribution: $3,000<br />Revenue from Central Cinema in Seattle which showed the film: $4,000<br />Grand total: $55,000<br />http://www.sitasingstheblues.com/<br />

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While the traditional industries are resisting, new players like Apple are taking the spoils<br />- Joe Trippi, Obama campaign adviser<br />My fans' tireless evangelism for my work doesn't just sell books - it sells me. <br /><ul><li>Cory Doctorow, author (Forbes, Jan 2006)</li></ul>Connect With Fans (CwF) + Reason To Buy (RtB) = Business Model<br />Mike Masnick, Techndirt (Midemnet, Feb 2009)<br />http://techdirt.com/articles/20090201/1408273588.shtml<br />The question to ask is, "What portion of the world knows my brand?" <br />- Jonathon Schwartz, COO Sun Microsystems (CNET, Aug 2007)<br />Creative Commons is like having 100,000 free publicity officers.<br />- Pete Foley, Black brow (http://wiki.creativecommons.org/Black_brow)<br />

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Two Fists, One Heart<br />using CC as a promotional tool<br />Aussie film released 30 minutes of unused footage and soundtrack under CC BY (March 2009) <br />To encourage remixing, running competition with AFTRS - best 5 remixes get posted to Disney’s official site<br /><ul><li>Suggested by publicists Norg Media, to give value to junk material</li></ul>“To me, the thought of footage being wasted and unused when someone could make something really creative with it was a real shame. There are so many people out there cutting great videos and posting them on YouTube, but the biggest barrier is often having the footage to play with. This way we could give them something to use - and the footage is what professional editors deal with - and promote the film at the same time - it was a win-win.” <br />– BrownenClune, Norg Media<br />http://cutyourownscene.com/<br />

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Revver <br />Advertising supported<br />Video sharing site with embedded advertising – money split 50/50 with creators<br />All videos under Creative Commons BY-NC-ND licence – to allow for maximum distribution<br />Success story – Eepybird.com’s “Extreme diet coke and mentos experiment” - watched over 6 million times; made US$30,000 in first year<br />Now hosts other popular video series - eg Lonelygirl15, “ask a ninja”<br />Countless previews<br />http://www.revver.com/<br />

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Beatpick<br />‘premium service’ model<br />‘Fairplay’ music label<br />All music downloadable DRM free under Creative Commons BY-NC-SA licence<br />Sells ‘high quality’ downloads<br />Negotiates ‘commercial’ licences <br />Success story – “Memories Child” by Jamison Young (Australian musician) licensed for “The X-Files: I Want to Believe“ feature film<br />Has also licensed material for ads, video games, corporate events, political campaigns<br />http://www.beatpick.com/<br />

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9 tracks free download<br />36 tracks licensed<br />5 payment options<br />$300 ultra deluxe package<br />2500 units<br />sold out in 30 hours<br />amazon’s highest selling MP3s<br />United States 2.0Ghosts I-Iv (cover) by Nine Inch Nails, http://ghosts.nin.com<br />

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“The end result is a wildly varied body of music that we're able to present to the world in ways the confines of a major record label would never have allowed – from a 100% DRM-free, high-quality download, to the most luxurious physical package we've ever created.” – Trent Reznor<br />United States 2.0Ghosts I-Iv (cover) by Nine Inch Nails, http://ghosts.nin.com<br />

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Generic 2.0IBM Think D100 Test by Howdy, I'm H. Michael Karshis, http://flickr.com/photos/hmk/2741404653<br />

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DO I HAVE THE RIGHTS?<br />

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HOW DO I WANT TO ENGAGE, AND WITH WHO?<br />

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WHAT’S MY BUSINESS MODEL?<br />

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WHAT DO I WANT?<br />

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Thanks<br />creativecommons.org<br />wiki.creativecommons.org/casestudies<br />creativecommons.org.au <br />info@creativecommons.org.au <br />Carpeted commons by Glutnix, http://www.flickr.com/photos/glutnix/2079709803/in/pool-ccswagcontest07 available under a Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 licence, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/deed.en <br />This slide show is licensed under a Creative Commons Australia Attribution licence. For more information see http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/au/. <br />Images in the slideshow are licensed as marked. <br />CRICOS No. 00213J<br />