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华昱手板加工培训教程
CNC 部份
内部培训专用
手板制作的流程
客户提供需做手板的相关文档
CNC 编程员,对需加工的图档进行程序编写
3D 图档 BOM 清
单
外观处理的
文件要求
公司对以上资料进行报价,审核,确认
,再安排制作
下料
上 CNC 机台加工
加工完后,进行品质检查
手工处理 CNC 加工出来的毛胚件
对照客户 3D 图进行手工加工处理
对照客户 3D 图手工装配产品
对装配要求检查
按客户要求进行表面抛光、喷砂、喷漆
、电镀、丝印处理
全方位品质检查,包装、收款、出货
机器设备
CNC 设备组成:
1 、 CNC 机器(数控加工中心)
2 、机器主轴(装夹刀具与精确加工的重要部件
3 、电脑(给机器发加工指令)
4 、刀具(铣刀,用来切削加工件)
5 、工作平台(放置加工零件)
6 、冷却系统(在加工过程中用来冷却刀具与工
件,保证加工精度)
CNC 设备
CNC 主轴
机器主轴也可叫电
机,手板机主轴转
速一般在 2 万转左
右,主轴可以左右
,上前移动,完成
加工任务
在一定的速度区间内,提供恒定的功率,保证足够的切削力
CNC 电脑控制中心
CNC 刀具
加工平台
冷却系统(气冷)
油冷却
机器加工要点
1 、 CNC 程序(机器的加工指令)编写不能出错
,对精度要求高的手板, CNC 程序里的参数必
须要精确,刀路要走细;
2 、机器的工作平台一定要处于水平状态,平台
上不能有杂物,影响工件的定位;
3 、对主轴的定位(行业俗称对刀),高度位置
要准确
4 、刀具要保证良好,锋利
5 、加工过程中要及时冷却刀具与工件
6 、人工要及时看护加工过程,遇到问题及时处
理
7 、勤换刀具,严格按照 CNC 程序规定的刀具加
工
手板后处理培训
后处理定义
定义:将机器加工出来的毛胚件,靠人工进
行后处理的部份,称为后处理(也叫
做手工),做手工的人叫手工师傅;
目的:让产品达到客户的要求;
后处理包括: 1 、手板结构修整、装配
2 、表面打磨处理
3 、表面喷砂
4 、表面喷漆、喷油、电镀
重点
A 、手板结构修整
1 、毛刺去除,石膏、支撑去除;
2 、表面、内部结构修补
3 、内部清角
4 、拆件粘接
B 、结构装配
1 、检查各零件尺寸与变形程度
2 、检查各零件的结构强度
3 、检查各零件装在一起后是否有干涉
4 、检查各零件细节特征是否有漏做
重点二
A 、外观处理
1 、抛光效果
2 、颜色是否符合标准
3 、电镀与喷漆是否粘接牢固
4 、各转角与接缝是否处理均匀
5 、各部件装配在一起是否会有段差
6 、是否有丝印等等
各类工具
• 雕刻刀具:基本都是手工师傅按照经验,
用模具顶针或者硬度很硬的圆钢,自已磨
出来的工具;
• 刀主要用来对 CNC 加工不到的地方进行切
割、修补、清角,表面刮平等作用
• 另:各类胶水,粘接用
• 各类砂纸,打磨用
• 测量工具,卡尺、高度尺, R 规,量规等
• 钻床、车床、铣床等设备
重点:表面打磨处理
打磨
喷砂机
1 、用途:给产品表面喷射各种
砂粒
2 、原理:通过高压气体,经过
喷枪设备,将砂粒以设定的压力
喷出
3 、作用: a 、可以给产品表面
制造磨砂效果; b 、可以快速的
去除产品内外表面的一些小型毛
刺;
喷油柜
总结
• 手工后处理是手板制作过程中缺一不可的环
节
• 是关系到手板品质好坏的最重要环节
• 后处理工序繁多,涉及面广,最重要的包含
:结构修补、装配、表面处理环节
手板其他加工方式
SLS 基本原理
• SLS 工艺又称为选择性激光烧结,由美国德克萨斯大学奥斯汀
分校的 C.R. Dechard 于 1989 年研制成功。选择性激光烧结加
工过程是采用铺粉棍将一层粉末材料平铺在已成型零件的上
表面,并加热至恰好低于该粉末烧结点的某一温度,控制系
统控制激光束按照该层的截面轮廓在粉末上扫描,使粉末温
度升至熔化点,进行烧结,并与下面已成型的部分实现粘结
。当一层截面烧结完成后,工作台下降一个层的厚度,铺料
辊又在上面铺上一层均匀密实的粉末,进行新一层截面的烧
结,直至完成整个模型。在成型过程中,未经烧结的粉末对
模型的空腔和悬臂部分起着支撑作用,不必像 SLA 工艺那样
另行生成支撑工艺结构。 SLS 使用的激光器是二氧化碳激光
器,使用的原料有蜡、聚碳酸酯、尼龙、纤细尼龙、合成尼
龙、金属,以及一些发展中的材料等。当实体构建完成并在
原型部分充分冷却后,粉末快速上升至初始位置,将其取出
,放置在后处理工作台上,用刷子刷去表面粉末,露出加工
件,其余残留的粉末可用压缩空气去除。
SLS 的优点
• SLS 工艺中使用的多数粉末的价格较便宜,所
以 SLS 模型的成本相比较来看也是较低的。生
产周期短。从 CAD 设计到零件的加工完成只需
几小时到几十小时,整个生产过程数字化,可
随时修正、随时制造。这一特点使其特别适合
于新产品的开发。与传统工艺方法相结合,可
实现快速铸造、快速模具制造、小批量零件输
出等功能,为传统制造方法注入新的活力。应
用面广。由于成型材料的多样化,使得 SLS 工
艺适合于多种应用领域,如原型设计验证、模
具母模、精铸熔模、铸造型壳和型芯等。
SLS 制造的缺点
• 表面粗糙。由于 SLS 工艺的原料是粉末状的,原型
的建造是由材料粉层经加热熔化而实现逐层粘结的
,因此,严格的来说,原型的表面是粉粒状的,因
而表面质量不高。烧结过程中挥发异味。 SLS 工艺
中的粉末粘结是需要激光能源使其加热而达到熔化
状态,高分子材料或者粉粒在激光烧结熔化时一般
要会发异味气体。有时需要比较复杂的辅助工艺。
SLS 技术视所用的材料而异,有时需要比较复杂的辅
助工艺过程,例如给原材料进行长时间的预先加热
、造型完成后需要给模型进行表面浮粉的清理等。
做小件或者精件时,精度不如 SLA 。
SLA 快速成型工艺的优势主要有以下几点: 
① 紫外激光通过聚焦,光斑直径< 0.15mm ; 
② 成型精度高,可成型精细结构(如戒指等); 
③ 制作任意复杂结构零件(如空心零件); 
④ 表面光洁度高(表面 Ra < 0.1μm ); 
⑤ 成型过程高度自动化,后处理简单(点支撑,易
去除); 
⑥ 材料利用率接近 100% 。
SLA 特点
速成型工艺的优点
成本低。熔融沉积造型技术用液化器代替了激光器,设备费用
料的利用效率高且没有毒气或化学物质的污染,使得成型成本
采用水溶性支撑材料,使得去除支架结构简单易行,可快速构
、中空零件以及一次成型的装配结构件。 
原材料以卷轴丝的形式提供,易于搬运和快速更换。 
可选用多种材料,如各种色彩的工程塑料 ABS 、 PC 、 PPS 以
。 
原材料在成型过程中无化学变化,制件的翘曲变形小。 
用蜡成型的原型零件,可以直接用于熔模铸造。 
FDM  系统无毒性且不产生异味、粉尘、噪音等污染。不用花
专用场地,适合于办公室设计环境使用。
材料强度、韧性优良,可以装配进行功能测试。
型工艺与其它快速成型工艺相比,也存在着许多缺点
原型的表面有较明显的条纹。 
与截面垂直的方向强度小。 
需要设计和制作支撑结构。 
成型速度相对较慢,不适合构建大型零件。 
原材料价格昂贵。 
喷头容易发生堵塞,不便维护。
后处理设备
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