1. READING AS
A PROCESS

2. Reading involves many processes.
Physiological
Cognitive
Communication
Psycho-social

3. READING AS A
PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS

4. PHYSIOLOGY
•Physiology is the science
dealing with the
functions and vital
processes of living
organisms.

5. How is reading as a physiological
process?

6. Eyes see the
printed word
or the
images.
Light patterns from
the printed symbols
hit the foveal areas or
closely-packed
sensory cells of the
retina.
Chemical change is
induced that create
patterns of nerve
currents into the
optic nerve fiber.
Currents
travel to the
center of
the mid-
brain.
Using the
currents, the
cerebral cortex
interprets the
symbols.

7. What are the different eye
movements involved in
reading?

8. • Eyes stopping or getting fixated on the word or words
• The duration of fixation is the length of time the eyes
has to pause.
Fixation
• Eyes moving from stopping point to the otherInter-fixation
• Eyes swinging back from the end line to the beginning
of the next lineReturn Sweeps
• Short quick hop and jump movements done especially
by literate people to move ahead on a line of printSaccades
• Backward right-to-left movement in case there is a
need to double check what is being readRegressions

9. READING AS A COGNITIVE
PROCESS

10. TWO STEPS INVOLVED IN
COGNITION:
• The extraneous process creates a stimulus on
the visual centers of the brain. This consists in
two essential aspects, namely, word
recognition or the written symbols and
attentive adjustment by the reader on these
symbols.
• Fusion/ interpretation/ construction of
meaning by the mind out of the stimuli.

11. These two steps involve other
complex processes which include:
Immediatearousal ofassociationinrecognition ofthe written
symbols --- their pronunciation, vocabulary meaning, context,
etc.
Otherstimuli inclusiveofkinesthetic or auditory
These stimuli are distributed to brain centers (instinct,
feelings, imagination, reason, abstractintelligence, will)
Synthesis or the fusion of related inputs from brain centers
resulting in the recognition of the meaning of the printed
symbols

12. Levels of
Comprehension

13. EVALUATIVE –judgmenton
the reading materialsuch as the
informationon data, the event,persons
involved,etc.
APPLIED - forming
opinionsand applications
INTERPR
ETATIVE -
what is read combined with
one’s subjective ideas
LITE
RAL-
knowing what is read as is

14. Higher comprehension skills are
characterized by:
1. Self-awareness
2. Careful reading and greater retention
3. Making previous assumptions or
hypothesis
4. The deliberate and combined ability to
reflect, question, classify, summarize,
and predict
5. Information reading which gives
attention to SQ3R

15. What is SQ3R?
survey
question
Read, Recite,
Review
S
3R
Q

16. How is reading as a
communication process?

17. LANGUAGE is a code system used
by humans to communicate.
And as there are diverse
languages, there are diversities
in the code system or symbol
system as devised and used by

18. Characteristics of
Language

19. 1. Clarity
• The reader can more easily and immediately
understand language when the code symbols
are concrete rather than abstractions
(universal ideas) and generalizations.
Example:
Many students attended the student council
meeting.
Improved: Ninety-five college students
attended Tuesday’s student council meeting.

20. 2. Simplicity
• Complex wording written for the sake of
verbal erudition is less easily understood,
compared with what is expressed directly
and to the point.
Example:
Shall we partake of our repast?
Shall we eat?
Mother’s culinary dishes are exquisite.
Mother cooks well.

21. 3. Adapted Language
• Words of expression should relate to the
reader’s age, educational attainment,
gender, ethnic origin, other personal
factors. The inappropriate use of technical
or specialized words should also be
avoided.

22. 4. Forceful
• Stimulating language provides color,
interest and excitement.
Example:
He speaks at length while saying little.
He spews forth words --- and says nothing.

23. 5. Vivid Language
• Vivid wording is descriptive and stirs the
senses of the reader.
– Very good salesman --- crackerjacker persuader
– Dishonest and evil --- festering corruption
– Trouble spot --- seething hell

24. How is reading as a psycho-social
process?

25. 1. People read messages from official
communication, mass media and the
internet.
2. Reading is a social activity that engages
humans in the world.
3. Reading is also professional as it is a form of
communication done in all the professions
and human pursuits including scientific and
technological research and studies.
4. Reading is a unique activity which you can
adopt every day.

26. Reference:
Developmental Reading
1
By Aida S. Villanueva, Ph.D.
and Rogelio L. Delos Santos