This document discusses bio-based solvents and efforts to standardize and certify them. It provides information on current and projected market shares of bio-based solvents compared to petroleum-based solvents. Standards are being developed for determining the bio-based carbon content and performing life cycle assessments of bio-based solvents. Several certification schemes also exist to verify the bio-based content of products. Examples of bio-based solvents are given along with their properties.
2. 2025
2010
2005
Plastic
265 million metric tonnes per year
www.greenchemistry.net
European Commission mandated objectives:
Promote bio-based
product market
Do so using existing
infrastructure
Proportion of
bio-based products
in each market
sector
Lubricant
Solvent
Surfactants
Bio-based solvent market share = 1.5%
Current capacity = 12.5%
20 MMT
http://www.achema.de/de/presse/
http://www.aaechemie.com/html/aae_solvent_information.html
http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/policies/innovation/policy/lead-market-initiative/biobased-products/#h2-1
3. Performance Bio-based content
Provide data but no threshold At least 25% bio-based carbon
values:
• Polarity
• Volatility
• Colour
HSE Sustainability
www.greenchemistry.net
Bio-based Solvents
FprCEN/TS 16766
• Density
• Viscosity
No harsher than REACH and
GHS/CLP
No extra barriers for bio-based
solvents
LCA according to
ISO 14040 and ISO 14044
(soon to also be a European
standard)
7. www.greenchemistry.net
Minimum bio-based carbon: ≥20%
Total organic carbon: ≥30%
Bio-based carbon content determination
Total bio-based content calculated indirectly
Elemental analysis used to verify composition
Minimum bio-based carbon: ≥20%
Total organic carbon: ≥50%
• ACDV bio-based content analysis certification scheme: www.chimieduvegetal.com/pageLibre000110dd.asp
• DIN CERTCO certification of bio-based products: www.dincertco.de/en/dincertco/produkte_leistungen/
zertifizierung_produkte/umwelt_1/biobasierte_produkte/biobasierte_produkte_mehr_nachhaltigkeit.html
• Vinçotte ‘OK Biobased’ certification scheme: www.okcompost.be/en/recognising-ok-environment-logos/ok-biobased
8. Biocatalytic esterification:
Lipophilic solvents enhance
enzymatic catalysis
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G. Paggiola, A. J. Hunt, C. R. McElroy, J. Sherwood and J. H. Clark, Green Chem., 2014, 16, 2107. www.greenchemistry.net
9. Biginelli reaction:
Tautomerisation of the dicarbonyl
enhances the reaction
J. H. Clark D. J. Macquarrie and J. Sherwood, Chem. Eur. J., 2013, 19, 5174. www.greenchemistry.net