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Theories of Motivation
Flow….of discussion
 What is motivation
 Definition of Motivation
 Theories of Motivation
 Maslow's Theory of Motivation - Hierarchy of Needs
 Herzberg's motivator-hygiene theory
Motivation
 Motivation is the characteristic that helps you achieve your goal. It
is the drive that pushes you to work hard .It is the energy that gives
you the strength to get up and keep going - even when things are
not going your way.
Definition:- The process that account for an individual’s
Intensity, Direction and Persistence of efforts towards
attaining Goals.
Theories of Motivation
Maslow's hierarchy of
needs
Herzberg's motivator-
hygiene theory
Alderfer's ERG theory
McClelland's three-
needs theory
Content
Theory
Theories of Motivation
Adams' equity theory
Vroom's expectancy
theory
Goal-setting theory
Reinforcement theory
Process
Theory
Maslow ‘s theory of Motivation
Hierarchy of Needs
Maslow’s Theory
 We each have a hierarchy of needs that ranges from
"lower" to "higher." As lower needs are fulfilled there is a
tendency for other, higher needs to emerge.”
 Maslow’s theory maintains that a person does not feel a
higher need until the needs of the current level have
been satisfied.
Maslow's hierarchy
pyramid
Self
Actualization
Esteem needs
Social needs
Safety needs
Physiological
needs
Applying Maslow's Needs
Hierarchy - Business
Management
 Physiological Motivation: Provide ample breaks for lunch ,
pay salaries that allow workers to buy life's essentials.
 Safety Needs: Provide a working environment which is safe,
relative job security, and freedom from threats.
 Social Needs: Generate a feeling of acceptance, belonging
by reinforcing team dynamics.
 Esteem Motivators: Recognize achievements, assign
important projects, and provide status to make employees
feel valued and appreciated.
 Self-Actualization: Offer challenging and meaningful work
assignments which enable innovation, creativity, and
progress according to long-term goals.
Limitations and criticism
 Maslow’s hierarchy makes sense but little evidence supports
its strict hierarchy. Research has challenged the order
imposed by Maslow’s pyramid. As an example, in some
cultures, social needs are regarded higher than any others.
 Little evidence suggests that people satisfy exclusively one
motivating need at a time.
Herzberg's Motivation-Hygiene
Theory
Two Factor Theory
motivation-hygiene theory
 Frederick Herzberg performed studies to determine which
factors in an employee's work environment caused
satisfaction or dissatisfaction. He published his findings in the
1959 book The Motivation to Work.
motivation-hygiene theory
Achievement
Recognition
Work itself
Responsibilit
y
Advancemen
t
Growth
Company
policy
Supervision
Relationship
w/Boss
Work
conditions
Salary
Relationship
w/Peers
Motivatin
g factors
Hygiene
factors
Applying Two factor
Theory in Business
management
 According to Herzberg: The job should have sufficient challenge to utilize
the full ability of the employee.
 Employees who demonstrate increasing levels of ability should be given
increasing levels of responsibility.
 If a job cannot be designed to use an employee's full abilities, then the
firm should consider automating the task or replacing the employee with
one who has a lower level of skill. If a person cannot be fully utilized,
then there will be a motivation problem
Limitation and criticism
 Critics consider Herzberg's two factor theory to be simplistic
- what motivates me may be a dissatisfier for someone else
 Its for individuals, not as a homogeneous group with one set
of wants and needs
 Some factors may be within your control, some may not
Summary
Thank You….for your motivation

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"Motivation and its Theories"

Editor's Notes

  1. the content theory of motivation mainly focuses on the internal factors that energize and direct human behavior.
  2. Process theories of motivation provide an opportunity to understand thought processes that influence behavior
  3. erm "hygiene" in the sense that they are considered maintenance factors that are necessary to avoid dissatisfaction but that by themselves do not provide satisfaction.