Nexus: Water-Land-Food-Energy-Ecosystems (Nexus solutions to address complex development challenges)
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Presented by IWMI's Luna Bharati (Principal Researcher - Hydrology and Water Resources) at the World Water Forum 2018, in Brasillia, Brazil, on March 20, 2018.
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Nexus: Water-Land-Food-Energy-Ecosystems (Nexus solutions to address complex development challenges)
- 1. Nexus: Water-Land – Food – Energy – Ecosystems Nexus solutions to address complex development challenges
- 2. Exploring three dimensions of the NEXUS: Water-Land – Food – Energy – Ecosystems • Adaptation to climate change • Synergies and trade offs between & within sectors • Efficient and sustainable use of resources for enhancing total benefits
- 3. Adaptation to climate change: Reduce vulnerabilities, enhance resilience through complementary solutions
- 4. Building Climate Resilience of Watersheds in Mountain Eco- Regions, Nepal using an Ecosystems based Approach Integrate management of all natural resources, including land, trees, water and people-move away from sectorial management Introduce watershed interventions which slow down and store water in the upland systems–by storage we mean the whole storage continuum. Pushing surface water into sub-surface storage systems will Increase water availability in the dry season and reduce floods downstream
- 5. On grid: SPICE – Dhundi, Gujarat, India Off grid: Solar Micro-irrigation – Ethiopia, Ghana, Africa Synergies and trade offs between & within sectors Range of solar power irrigation business models Off grid: Irrigation Service Provider (ISP Model)– Bihar, India Decentralized grid: Solar Irrigation + Home enterprise?
- 6. The context • India has 130,000 GW of installed pumping capacity in the form of electric and diesel tube wells • States subsidize solar pumps as “green solution” Solution: Solar Pump Irrigation Cooperative • Sustainable solar irrigation pumps with feed-in tariff for selling excess electricity to the grid • Reduction in greenhouse gas emissions • Sustainable use of groundwater • Higher incomes for farmersThe challenge • Solar pump subsidies could incentivize over-pumping Synergies and Tradeoffs-Solar pump irrigation collective, Gujarat, India Before energy sales After energy sales
- 7. Resource recovery and reuse - Sustainable wastewater treatment Source: Drechsel Nexus benefits: Energy reduction in: Water treatment, Chemical fertilizer production and transport Environmental benefits: Reduced pollution of water bodies, Reduced nitrogen and phosphorous demand, Reduced GHG emissions
- 8. Multiple Uses -Integrated management of multiple water sources for multiple uses (domestic & and agriculture, agriculture and hydropower) -Scale issue is important-local vs. national or regional
- 9. Natural and built infrastructure… striking a balance between synergies and trade-offs to increase total benefits
- 10. Thank you Dr. Luna Bharati Principal Researcher/Manager L.Bharati@cgiar.org
Editor's Notes
- Resource recovery and reuse: Linking wastewater use and food production, it is a reality and happening in many places where we work at a much larger scale than authorities would like to admit. But it is an opportunity! This relatively secure source of water and nutrients in urban and peri-urban setting needs to be indeed captured. The SDGs will most likely include a target on wastewater treatment. We argue that decentralized treatment for reuse of water and nutrients in agriculture rather than centralized full-scale treatment is the most resource efficient and cost effective way. Apart from the obvious benefits there will also be many other Nexus benefits.
- multiple benefits, but depends on the business model
- Resource recovery and reuse: Linking wastewater use and food production, it is a reality and happening in many places where we work at a much larger scale than authorities would like to admit. But it is an opportunity! This relatively secure source of water and nutrients in urban and peri-urban setting needs to be indeed captured. The SDGs will most likely include a target on wastewater treatment. We argue that decentralized treatment for reuse of water and nutrients in agriculture rather than centralized full-scale treatment is the most resource efficient and cost effective way. Apart from the obvious benefits there will also be many other Nexus benefits.
- Multiple use water services: there are many levels and scales at which we can take a multiple use approach. I just want to emphasise here how if we look at the level of a community, there will be different water source, and each household will have a variety of water uses such as WSS, water for productive use e.g. agriculture, brick making. If we take an integrated approach in providing these services and managing these water resources, there will be opportunities to economize.
- Going to the last slide I would like to show a concept which we are working on with IUCN and others, again this came up already during some earlier discussions. We look here at the ecosystem service provided by natural basins and how these are modified in intensively used basins. You will see that a certain services such as hydropower, industry and crops increase through irrigation infrastructure, dams and other built infrastructure. However, other, mostly regulatory services will decrease. We are therefore looking at possibilities to maximize the opportunities of natural and built infrastructure by making more use of natural infrastructure. I think this picture sums it all up: when we put on our nexus glasses and look across sectors and scales at the different opportunities we will be able to find solutions with multiple benefits.
- Multiple use water services: there are many levels and scales at which we can take a multiple use approach. I just want to emphasise here how if we look at the level of a community, there will be different water source, and each household will have a variety of water uses such as WSS, water for productive use e.g. agriculture, brick making. If we take an integrated approach in providing these services and managing these water resources, there will be opportunities to economize.