8th ISTVS Americas Conference Presentation by Dr. David Gorsich, ST/Ground Sytems, Chief Scientist, TARDEC

1. U.S. ARMY TANK AUTOMOTIVE RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT AND ENGINEERING CENTER
Future Research Directions
in Military Ground Vehicle Mobility
ISTVS
September 2016
Dr. David Gorsich, ST/Ground Systems,
Chief Scientist, TARDEC

2. Unclassified, Distribution A
TARDEC – Then and Now
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Early Mobility Studies
Major Thrust Areas Today
Mediu
m
Comba
t
Heavy
Comba
t
Tactica
l
Power Dense, Common, Modular Engine
Propulsion Protected Mobility Vehicle Architecture Autonomy

3. • Ground Systems Power and Energy Laboratory (GSPEL)
• Vehicle Full Load Cooling Test Chamber
• Crew Station/Turret Motion Base Simulator (CS/TMBS)
• Ride Motion Simulator
• System-level Analysis Capability
• Center for Ground Vehicle
Development and Integration (CGVDI)
• Vehicle Inertial Properties Evaluation
Rig (VIPER)
• Mission Equipment Vibration Table (MEVT)
• Suspension Parameter Identification Device and
Evaluation Rig (SPIDER)
• Tire, Run-Flat, and Roadwheel Simulation Laboratory
(TR2SL)
• Elastomer Improvement Laboratory
• Fuels & Lubricants Laboratory
• Fresh Water Test Facility
• Bridge Dynamic Structural Load Simulation Laboratory
• Anthropomorphic Test Drive (ATD) Certification
Laboratory
• Crew Compartment Underbody Blast Simulator
• Foot Impact Test Fixtures
• Head Impact Laboratory (HIL)
• Sub-System Drop Tower (SSDT)
• TARDEC Fuels and Lubricants Research Facility (TFLRF)
(GOCO with SWRI)
• Quality Surveillance Laboratory (Army Petroleum
Laboratory; APL)
Unique Facilities
Laboratory Capabilities
TARDEC’s operations have a resource value of over $1.1B
and occupy 936,000 square feet of laboratory space on the Detroit Arsenal.
TARDEC Fuels and Lubricants Research Facility @
Southwest Research Institute
Turret Motion Base Simulator
Ride Motion Simulator
Power and Energy
Vehicle Environment Lab
Southwest Research Institute (SWRI) (TX)
(GOCO = Government Owned-Contractor Operated )Selfridge (MI)
Warren (MI)
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Susquehanna (PA)
Unclassified, Distribution A

4. AMRDEC
Aviation and
Missile Research
Development and
Engineering Center
ARDEC
Armament
Research,
Development and
Engineering Center
ARL
Army Research
Laboratory
CERDEC
Communications-
Electronics
Research,
Development and
Engineering Center
ECBC
Edgewood Chemical
Biological Center
NSRDEC
Natick Soldier
Research,
Development and
Engineering Center
TARDEC
Tank Automotive
Research,
Development and
Engineering Center
TARDEC Organizational Structure
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Army
Materiel
Command
(AMC)
Assistant Secretary
of the Army for
Acquisition,
Logistics, and
Technology
(ASA-ALT)
Research, Development and Engineering Command
(RDECOM)

5. Military Challenges are Unique
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6. Designing a Ground Vehicle
• Start with Requirements
– Mobility (Speed)
– Payload (# crew, cargo weight)
– Protection level
– Lethality
– Deployabilty
• Deployment Method
• Truck, Boat, Rail, Air
• Fixes Maximum Weight and Size
• Deployability limits the
tradespace for the other
requirements
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7. Iron Triangle - Example of Trades
Performance
(Mobility)
Protection Payload
Performance
(Mobility)
Protection Payload
HMMWV MRAP
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Strive to optimize 3 Ps
• Protection
• Payload
• Performance (Mobility)
Unclassified, Distribution A

8. NATO Reference Mobility Model (NRMM)
200019801950 19701960 1990
1954: Land Locomotion Lab
established; led by Dr. Bekker
Walking Machine
2010
1971: AMC-71
Mobility Model
1974: AMC-74
Mobility Model
1978: NATO
Reference Mobility
Model
2014: ET148,
NG-NRMM
1992: NRMM II
Autonomous Systems
Land Locomotion
8
2016: RTG248
NG-NRMM
2019: NG-NRMM
STANREC
2020
Multibody Dynamics
Physical Simulators
Unclassified, Distribution A

9. Next-Generation NRMM
• Shortcomings of NRMM
– Based on empirical observations so extrapolation is difficult
– Specific to wheeled/tracked; No intelligence
– Cannot assess contemporary vehicle design technologies
– Steady-state and 2D analyses
– Poor inter-operability with other terramechanics models
– Difficult to integrate with modern vehicle dynamic simulations
• Next-Generation NRMM
– NATO Team formed in 2014
– 55 members from 15 nations participating
– Goal: Investigate an efficient next-generation, physics-based simulation
tool to more accurately predict mobility based on accurate depictions of
vehicle, terrain, and their interactions
9Unclassified, Distribution A

10. Possible path forward – Next-Gen NRMM
Develop scalable, physics-based modeling, simulation, and
visualization capability for mobility in deformable terrain using
discrete element methods and massively parallel architectures.
10
Fording
simulation
Discrete terrain
simulation
HPC
Unclassified, Distribution A

11. Path Forward
NATO Research Task Group 248 will carry forward six research thrusts:
1. GIS-Terrain and Mobility Mapping: Identify a GIS-based mapping tool that
implements and integrates existing valid mobility metrics (%NOGO and
Speed Made Good) in an open architected environment.
2. Simple Terramechanics:Identify most promising existing terramechanics
methods supporting NG-NRMM requirements.
3. Complex Terramechanics: Establish a vision for the long term
terramechanics approaches that overcome the limitations of existing models.
4. Intelligent Vehicle Mobility: Identify unique mobility metrics and M&S
methods necessary for mobility assessments of intelligent vehicles.
5. Uncertainty Treatment: Identify the steps required to embed stochastic
characteristics of vehicle and terrain data to extend the current deterministic
mobility metrics.
6. Verification & Validation (V&V): Implement near-term vehicle-terrain
interaction benchmarks for verification of candidate NG-NRMM M&S software
solutions and lay the groundwork for long term validation data.
Unclassified, Distribution A

12. Autonomy Levels for Unmanned Systems (ALFUS)*
* H.-M. Huang, ALFUS, SAE 4S4D Committee
Unclassified, Distribution A

13. On-Board Driver (16 mph max) Remote Driver (50 mph max)
6W Limit 19W
Driver Vertical Acceleration
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Rough Road Driving: Onboard vs. Remote Driver
Unclassified, Distribution A

14. Mobility Enhancement: Human-Machine Partnership
62 mph
50 mph (19W)
16 mph (6W)
Smooth Road: Engine Limit
Rough Road/Remote
Driver: Engine & Durability
Limit
Rough Road/On-Board Driver: 6W Limit
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15. Effect of Autonomy on Tradespace
Enhanced Mobility
Increased ProtectionPayload
Increased Tradespace
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16. Latency: major issue in teleoperation
Connectivity Round Trip Communication Delay
Wired 10 ms (local), 300 ms (cross-country)
Wireless Dependent on bandwidth and distance
Satellite 500 ms (GEO)
Video transmission 300 ms - 1000 ms (one way; frame rate dependent)
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17. Completion Time vs. Latency Speed vs. Latency
178 RunsLatency (s) Latency (s)
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Teleop Mobility vs. Latency Challenge
Unclassified, Distribution A

18. Latency Studies
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Measurement
Studies
Compensation
Studies
Unclassified, Distribution A

19. Building the Cybersecurity Competency
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Penetration Testing
Reverse Engineering
Building New Tools
Transitioning Research
Integrating Commercial Tech
Leveraging Public-Private Partnerships to Deliver Advanced Capabilities
HACMS
AMAS GVR-Bot
(High Assurance Cyber
Military Systems)
HACMS is a shift away
from “patch and pray”
methods that approach
cybersecurity from a
reactive standpoint
UNCLASSIFIED: Distribution Statement A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
UNCLASSIFIED: Distribution Statement A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

20. Unclassified, Distribution A
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