Value chain assessment from an animal health
perspective
Fred Unger (ILRI)
CGIAR Livestock and Fish Value Chain Development Team
Meeting, Nairobi, 5-8 March 2012

 Vet Epidemiology – AH
– Disease detection, mitigation, prevention & prediction
– Tools: Statistics & epidemiological parameters:
sample size, statistical differences, correlations,
prevalence‘s, case fatality, odds ratios
– Challenge:
• Product flows, drivers, profitability, incentives
• Variety of stakeholders (people, groups and organisations)
in livestock production and marketing systems
• Different perceptions of the same risk
• May be affected in different ways (traders vs. producers)
• May react in different ways
2

VCA from AH perspective – general comments
– Key questions to be answered:
• Who has most to gain or lose related to mitigation efforts
• Which processes within the chain carry risk for disease
spread, what are their relative contributions to overall risk
• Where are the ‘risk hotspots’(e.g. for disease spread)
• When in the year are the high risk times (e.g. Ted, Ramadan)
• Where and when should prevention & control measures be
targeted (identification of critical control points)?
• Policy environment (regulation-enforcement)
3

VCA from AH perspective - Approach
Pig VC Work Vietnam
– Human health risks and economic costs of smallholder pig diseases
– What are the critical points / opportunities for risk management
– Mitigations which benefit small holder pig sector and “poor” consumer
Project site: 2 project sites
3 VC gradients (rural-rural, rural-peri-urban, peri-urban)
Suggested approach
• Review (Yr 1)
 Rapid assessment (Yr 1)
 In-depth assessment (Yr 1 & 2)
 Interventions (Yr 3 - ...)
 Dissemination (Yr 4 - 5)
4

VCA from AH perspective - Approach
 Review (year 1)
Tools: Official/grey literature & projects
Outputs: Currently AH constraint – list of important pathogens
Surveillance, policies
What has worked and what has not
Challenge: several hundred pathogens including zoonoses & FBD
How to reasonable scale it down to 1-3
Different perception on AH constraints (e.g. Small holder
versus large scale, latter perhaps favourites by governments)
 Rapid assessment (year 1)
Tools: FGD, interviews, observations, check list
Outputs: Diseases of concerns - key AH constraints (reduced to 2-3)
Description of situation, basic flows and actors involved
Basic pathways mapped
First idea on possible intervention opportunities
5

VCA from AH perspective - Approach
 In-depth assessment (integrated disease risk and economic survey)
(year 1 & 2)
Tools: Cross-sectional, longitudinal, producer + other actors
Biological sampling, FGD, questionnaires, check list ...
(aligned with Public Health and socio-economics)
Target: Producers, slaughterhouses (spot check and over time)
Veterinary health workers (disease reports)
Outputs: Disease impact (prevalence, mortality, treatment costs,
indirect/direct losses...)
Detailed risk pathways/risk assessment, control points,
Set of promising interventions (Having in mind what worked
and what has not)
 Interventions (Yr 3 onwards)
 Set of intervention packages
 Randomised control trials aligned WTP, WTC
 • 6

VCA from AH perspective
Pig VC Vietnam - Challenges
Different constraints - different actors involved & perceptions
– Production constraints
Feed supply (input sector and producer)
Production disease (producer, life animal trader, input system)
– Zoonoses ) However, perhaps not
From farm to fork ) attractive for producer,
– FBD ) as productivity still
Entire chain, farm to fork ) reasonable
(input sector/producer) – slaughterhouse - trader – consumer
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