The effect of concurrent vaccine administration for peste des petits
ruminants, capripox and contagious caprine pleuropneumonia on
immune response of goats and sheep
Mabirizi Alex1,3, Nkamwesiga Joseph1, Lumu Paul2, Roesel Kristina2, Kato Charles Drago3, Kiara Henry1
1. International Livestock Research Institute 2. Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industries and Fisheries
3. Makerere University
Introduction
Small ruminants are threatened by diseases such as Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR), Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia
(CCPP),and Sheep and Goat Pox (SGP) despite the availability of vaccines. Concurrent administration of vaccines reduces the cost of
vaccination by up to 70% but there is a knowledge gap about the effect it has on the immune response to the individual vaccines.
This study was conducted to assess the effect of concurrent vaccine administration of PPR, CCPP and SGP on the safety and
immunogenicity of the individual vaccines in goats and sheep.
Methods
Twenty-one (21) Mubende breed goats and twelve (12) local breed sheep were inoculated with different combinations of either PPR,
CCPP or SGP vaccines and monitored over a 90-day period. Commercial ELISA kits were used to determine antibody response against
the vaccines while a Real Time Quantitative PCR was used to quantify Interleukin-4 and Interferon gamma cytokines.
Pictures
Conclusions & limitations
The concurrent administration of vaccines is safe and efficacious with no effect on the immune response to the individual vaccines. The
SGP vaccine (KGSP 0240) a Neethling strain, did not lead to seroconversion in 93% of the animals but induced cytokine response in
both goats and sheep implying it mainly acts via the cell mediated immunity and may confer protection without leading to production
of antibodies. The animals were not challenged to ascertain immunity against Sheep and Goat pox, also pregnant animals were not
included in the study.
Corresponding author ALEX, MABIRIZI
A.mabirizi@cgiar.org
ILRI c/o Bioversity International
P.O. Box 24384, Kampala Uganda
+256 392 081 154/155
This document is licensed for use under the Creative Commons
Attribution 4.0 International Licence. September 2022.
22 September 2022
Findings
In goats and sheep, concurrent administration of PPR, SGP and CCPP resulted in no significant adverse effects. In goats, concurrent
administration resulted in significant production of anti-PPR antibodies (p=0.000), anti-CCPP (p=0.031) antibodies from the control but
without significant differences from those inoculated with a single vaccine. The SGP vaccine did not lead to significant production of
antibodies compared to the control group, but it led to significant increase in IL-4 production (p=0.0455) compared to the control. In
sheep, concurrent administration of PPR and SGP led to significant production of PPR antibodies (p=0.000) from the control with no
difference from the group inoculated with PPR alone. The SGP vaccine did not lead to seroconversion in sheep but led to a substantial
increase in IFN gamma compared to the control.
ILRI thanks all donors and organizations which globally support its work through their contributions to the CGIAR Trust Fund.
Contribution to Uganda’s livestock development agenda
This work contributes to the National PPR Control and Eradication Strategy seeking to control transboundary diseases of goats and sheep
as part of the PPR Eradication agenda by 2027.
0 7 10 14 21 28 60 90
0
25
50
75
100
GOATS- PPR
DAYS POST VACCINATION
PERCENT
INHIBITION
(%)
PPR+SGP
PPR+CCPP
PPR+SGP+CCPP
Cutoff
PPR
CONTROL
0 7 10 14 21 28 60 90
0
20
40
60
80
100
SHEEP PPR
DAYS POST VACCINATION
PERCENT
INHIBITION
(%)
PPR+SGP
CONTROL
PPR
Cutoff
50
0 7 10 14 21 28 60 90
0
7
14
21
28
35
GOATS SGP
DAYS POST VACCINATION
PERCENT
INHIBITION
(%)
PPR+SGP
PPR+SGP+CCPP
30
Cutoff
SGP
CONTROL
0 7 10 14 21 28 60 90
0
7
14
21
28
35
SHEEP SGP
DAYS POST VACCINATION
PERCENT
INHIBITION
(%)
CONTROL
PPR+SGP
30
Cutoff
SGP
0 7 10 14 21 28 60 90
0
25
50
75
100
CCPP
DAYS POST VACCINATION
PERCENT
INHIBITION
(%)
PPR+CCPP
PPR+SGP+CCPP
55
cutoff
CCPP
CONTROL
Fig 1: Antibody response to concurrent administration of vaccines a-b) PPR, c-d)
SGP e) CCPP
c)
a)
e)
b)
d)
0 1 3 7 10 14
0
200
400
600
800
IL-4 GOATS
DAYS POST VACCINATION
RELATIVE
QUANTITY
Normal Saline
PPR
SGP
CCPP
PPR+SGP
PPR+CCPP
PPR+SGP+CCPP
0 1 3 7 10 14
0
500
1000
1500
2000
IL-4 SHEEP
DAYS POST VACCINATION
RELATIVE
QUANTITY
CONTROL
PPR
SGP
PPR+SGP
0 1 3 7 10 14
0
500
1000
1500
2000
IFN-γ GOATS
DAYS POST VACCINATION
RELATIVE
QUANTITY
Normal Saline
PPR
SGP
CCPP
PPR+SGP
PPR+CCPP
PPR+SGP+CCPP
0 1 3 7 10 14
0
50
100
150
200
IFN-γ SHEEP
DAYS POST VACCINATION
RELATIVE
QUANTITY
CONTROL
PPR
SGP
PPR+SGP
Fig 2: Cytokine Response in Goats and Sheep following concurrent vaccine
administration
Project Benefits: Trainings such as; Participatory Disease Surveillance, QGIS Software training, Project Impact Pathways training,
ECO-PPR field epidemiology and sampling protocols, Effective Science Communication, Ethics in Research, Stipend, Tuition