Presented by Ben Lukuyu, Amos Omore, Brigitte Maass, Gasper A. Msimbe and Julius Bwire at the MilkIT Project inception meeting, Tanga, Tanzania, 24-25 April 2012

1. Tanzania dairy value chain
development: Pre site selection
scoping study
Ben Lukuyu1, Amos Omore1, Brigitte Maass2,
Gasper A. Msimbe3 and Julius Bwire4
1 - International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI)
2 – International Centre for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT)
3 – Tanzania Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries Development
4 - Tanzania Livestock Research Institute, Tanga (TALIRI)
MilkIT Project Inception Meeting, Tanga, Tanzania, 24-25 April 2012

2. Objectives & Study sites
 ‘Ground truthing’ a site Sites visited
evaluation with more  Morogoro region
localized criteria (that ◦ Kilombero district
cannot be represented ◦ Kilosa district
in GIS)
◦ Mvomero ditrict
 Obtaining site level
data and literature  Tanga region
potential sites ◦ Handeni district
◦ Lushoto district
 Took the opportunity to
sensitize district ◦ Muheza district (to be
done)
livestock staff about
engagement in the
dairy value chain work
through the Irish and
Milk IT projects.

3. How scoping study was
conducted
Visits to regions and district livestock Farm visits to talk to farmers
officers, discussions to learn about the dairy
VC
Guiding criteria
Obtain  Rural production to
biophysical, rural consumption
livestock,  Rural production to
human urban consumption
population data (>50,000 persons)
and district
profiles where Visits to milk collection centres where
available applicable to learn about milk collection

4. Findings
MOROGORO REGION

5. Kilombero district (1)
 It mostly a wet land with  The district has 70,000
high rainfall (1200-1600 people in 15,000 HHs
mm/year), evergreen  The main town (Mangula)
throughout the year, with has a population of about
no seasonal effects and no 15,000 people mainly
feed shortages reported Tanzania immigrants ( 20%
 Sugar cane growing area of the total district
with a big river crossing population)
through the district  The total cattle population
 It is sitting at the foot of the is 42,176 out of which 4%
Udzungu mountains and is (1,810) is improved dairy
largely forested area. kept by about 150 HHs.
 The TAZARA national  The majority of the 40,366
railway line passes through indigenous cattle are
the district reared in a ranch system.
 Average cattle size for
smallholders is 1-4 cattle
per HH

6. Kilombero district (2)
 Average milk production:  Milk sold mainly in the
◦ Indigenous cows , 2-5 two local towns including
litres per day Mangula
◦ Improved cross breds, 6-8  No NGO is currently
litres per day (no involved in dairy
supplementation) development. Previously
 Most local tribes have no Irish Aid, HPI and
culture of consuming Caritas between 2000
milk but town like and 2004
Mangula are dominated
by immigrants who
consume milk increasing
market opportunities.
 There are no existing
farmer groups

7. Kilosa district (1)
 Comprises 5 divisions- And now its time for a 3 hours puncture fix!
Kilosa, Kimamba and
Magole lie in the
lowlands; Mikumi lies in
the midlands while Gairo
lies in the upper
highlands.
Kilosa formerly dominated
by sisal plantations

8. Kilosa district (2)
 Was formerly dominated by  The district has 626,618
the sisal plantations until people
the collapse of the industry
when cattle keepers  Kilosa town has a population
became inhabitants of about 33, 450 people ( 5%
of the total district population)
 Initiated investments in
dairy was done by Irish Aid  The total cattle population is
through Kilosa Dairy farm 215,100 out of which 1%
(2,405) is improved dairy.
 Area mainly inhabited by
the Sangara tribe who have  The majority of the 210,627
a poor milk drinking culture. indigenous cattle are kept by
However, other tribes with agro pastoralists.
a strong milk drinking  Average cattle size for
culture are Masai, Sukuma sedentary smallholders is 2-3
Barbeji (Mang’ati) and cattle per HH
Wakaguru.  Seasonality effects is a major
constraint often leading to
tribal conflicts over pasture
and water

9. Kilosa district (3)
 Average milk production:  There are no active groups
◦ Indigenous cows , 2-3 litres per
existing
day  Milk marketing outlets
◦ Improved cross breds, 5-8 ◦ Tanga fresh takes milk
litres per day for cooling and
 Three main milk traders eventually sold to the
Dar es Salaam and other
are involved in milk
distant markets
marketing in the area
◦ Shambani and DESA
(DESA milk, Tanga fresh milk – sends fresh milk
Dairy and Shambani to the nearby Morogoro
milk). urban market
 The have established ◦ Milk is also locally
(towns and rural areas)
milk collection and traded by motorcycle
selling points in the main and bicycle informal
towns – Mamba, Dumila, traders
Gairo and Mikumi

10. Mvomero district (1)
 It is a newly created district  Livestock keepers
comprises four divisions generally own large herds
(Turaini, Mvomero, Mlali of cattle
and Mgeta)  Average milk production is
 The total cattle population about 5 litres per cow per
is 187,350 out of which 5% day
(9,314) is improved dairy.  Milk is mainly sold to the
 The majority of the nearby Morogoro urban
178,036 indigenous cattle town by private milk traders
are kept by agro
pastoralists.
 Seasonality effects is a
major constraint leading to
long travel distances in
search of feed and water.
 Flooding is a major
constraint during the wet
season – reducing grazing
areas

11. Findings
TANGA REGION

12. Lushoto
Handeni

13. Handeni district (1)
 Area mainly inhabited by the  Tanga fresh dairy is the only
Masai, Mbulus, Barbeig milk trader owning a milk
(Mangati) and Singwazi.
collection centre in Handeni
 The total cattle population is
126,780 out of which 1% ◦ Ministry of livestock helped
(1,045) is improved dairy. mobilize farmers to register and
 The majority of the 124,735 deliver milk to the collection
indigenous cattle are kept by centre
agro pastoralists. ◦ There are no formal groups
 Average cattle size for existing (farmers deliver milk as
sedentary smallholders is 4-5 individuals or informal organized
cattle per HH cells (pooling of milk for delivery
and payment)
 Seasonality effects are a
major constraint often leading ◦ Farmer paid twice a month
to feed and water shortages ◦ Evening milk is not collected.
 Area dominated by natural Farmers either sell it locally, give
grazing and virtually no other to calves or consume.
alternative feed resources. ◦ Have informally organized to
access credit facilities from a
neighborng private agrovet shop
for animal health services against
milk supplied.

14. Handeni milk
collection Centre in
the back ground
(owned by Tanga
fresh dairy)
Privately owned Handeni Veterinary Centre in the fore front
(provides credit against milk supplied to registered members of the
milk collection centre)

15. Lushoto district (1)
 Situated in the northern  There are 119,492 cattle of
part of Tanga which 24% (29,200) are
 The district lies on the foot improved cattle. Improve
of the western Usambara cattle most found in the
mountains rising from 300 highlands while indigenous
– 2100m above sea level in the lowlands
 The lowland covers 25% of  The average cattle per
district household in the highlands
is 2-3 and >10 in the
 The estimated population lowlands
of Lushoto is 437, 037
people.  The common feeds are
crops residues, Napier
 It has bi modal type of grass, Guatemala grass,
rainfall (800-2000mm per cut grass and grazing in
annum) the lowlands
 AI is being introduced in
the highlands

16. Lushoto district (2)
 Milk is sold to Tanga  There are three
fresh Ltd. (75%) livestock keepers
through the existing 4 networks
milk collection centres (Mviwambuso,
◦ Luchoto (1990) Viwatalu and Uwalu)
◦ Shume (1990) present. They draw
◦ Mwangoi (2007) membership from
◦ Mbumburi (2009) farmer groups
 25% of the rest of the  There are three milk
milk is sold locally processing farms –
into cheese and butter
 Local milk prices are ◦ Irente farm
Tsh. 800 vs. Tsh. 480
at collection centres ◦ Montessori sisters
(Tanga Fresh) ◦ Kifongiru sisters

17. OTHER INITIATIVES IN THE
AREA
• Tanga Dairy
Development Project
• Highlands Initiative
(AHI) coordinated by
ICRAF
• Soil erosion control and
agro forestry project
(SECAP)
• Land O’ Lakes (just
beginning)

18. Synthesis (1)
Feeding systems Average milk
(proportion of prices per litres
farmers using) (Tsh.) Existence of
District
Zero/se groups
Grazin Collection Local
migrazin
g (%) centres market
g (%)
Kilombero 10 90 - 800 None
Kilosa 10 90 480 800 Few
Mvomero 10 90 - 700 Few
Informal
Handeni - 100 530* 800
(very few)
Lushoto 25 75 500 700-800 Many
* - Price offered by middlemen

19. Synthesis (2)
Link to Potential Cattle population
Rural to
District urban to improve
rural Indigenous Improved
markets feed
Kilombero +++ + + 40,489 1,689 (4%)
Kilosa ++ ++ ++ 215,100 2,405 (1%)
Mvomero + +++ ++ 187,350 9,314 (5%)
Handeni +++ + ++ 126,780 1,045 (1%)
29,200
Lushoto + +++ +++ 119,492
(24%
+ - Low
++ - Medium
+++ - High

20. Synthesis (3)
 Cross-cutting issues
◦ Seasonality of feed and milk production
◦ Generally low production/cow
◦ Neither cultivation of fodders nor any conservation
◦ Very little milk processing performed
◦ Very low proportion of improved dairy cattle
 Morogoro  Tanga
◦ Some tribes no habit of milk ◦ Pastoralists keep high no.
consumption of cattle heads
◦ Some districts may offer ◦ Tanga Fresh Ltd. has
huge potential for future monopoly of milk
development of both processing  low prices
production & consumption ◦ Some organization of
producers already occurring
in some area

21. Synthesis (4)
Fit to guiding criteria:
Rural production to rural consumption:
o Morogoro: Kilosa,
oTanga: Handeni
Rural production to urban (>50,000 persons)
consumption :
oMorogoro: Mvomero;
oTanga: Lushoto and Muheza (to be visited)
Kilombero in Morogoro appears unsuitable due to relatively
low cattle population and dominant culture of no milk
consumption

22. The end… Thank you.
An Interview session Lushoto highlands
A zero grazing system in Kilombero The end of the road…an engine knock