Transboundary animal diseases:
Research and development priorities
for resilient agrifood systems
G20 Meeting of Agricultural Chief Scientists (MACS)
Varanasi, India, 17–19 April 2023
“The climate crisis is at
the forefront of threats
to our ability to
provide good nutrition
for all people while
staying within
environmental limits.”
CGIAR 2030 Research and
Innovation Strategy
Hung Nguyen-Viet
Co-lead, Animal and Human Health program, International Livestock Research
Institute (ILRI) and lead, CGIAR Initiative on One Health
With contributions from: D. Grace, V. Nene, E. Okoth, F. Unger, R. Deka, H.-S. Lee, M. Dione, B. Bett,
T. Knight-Jones, J. Smith, H. Rahman, S. Tarawali, A. Djikeng, S. Moyo, D. Schillinger and I. Gluecks

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% growth in demand for livestock products to 2030
0
50
100
150
200
250
E.Asia
Pacific
China
South
Asia
SSA
High
income
0
50
100
150
200
250
E.Asia
Pacific
China
South
Asia
SSA
High
income
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
E.Asia
Pacific
China
South
Asia
SSA
High
income
0
50
100
150
200
250
E.Asia
Pacific
China
South
Asia
SSA
High
income
Poultry Milk
Beef Pork
Estimates of the % growth in demand for animal source foods in different World regions, comparing 2005 and 2030. Estimates were
developed using the IMPACT model, courtesy Dolapo Enahoro, ILRI.

Transboundary animal diseases (TAD):
Global trends, issues, challenges
• Infectious, spreading across borders and cause economic,
social, environmental and public health impacts
• Significant impacts on trade and market opportunities,
cause major morbidity and mortality in cattle, sheep, goat,
pigs and poultry
• Drivers: including climate change
PPR
• 2.5 billion sheep and goats at risk
• 66 countries infected with PPR and
another 50 at risk
• 5.4 billion people live in affected areas
and rely on small ruminants for their
livelihoods
• SDG contribution: 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 15, 17
Major diseases outbreaks (OIE, 2015)

https://animalhealthmetrics.org
Costs of zoonotic disease outbreaks (US$ billion)
Period
Costs
(conservative
estimates)
Annual
average
6 outbreaks
other than SARS
-Nipah virus (Malaysia),
-West Nile fever (USA),
-HPAI (Asia, Europe),
-BSE (US),
-Rift Valley Fever (East
Africa)
-BSE (UK) costs in 1997-09
only
1998-
2009 6 b$ each
SARS
2002-
2004 40 b$
Total in 12-
year period
(1998-2009)
80.2
7 b$
Source World Bank 2012
Cost of diseases
Cost of COVID
10-20 trillion $
(10 years of endemic
zoonoses)
128 outbreaks of TADs 2000-
2014: US$ 12 billion (OIE, 2016)
FMD:
US$6.5 to 21 billion/ year in LMICs
>US$1.5 billion/year in FMD free
countries
(Knight-Jones and Rushton, 2013)
ASF from 2018: US$ 55-130 billon
(WB, 2022)

5
R&D opportunities and initiatives
(OHHLEP, 2021)
One Health approach
Prevention of pandemic: $10 billon/year
vs.
Managing pandemic costs: $30 billion/year
(World Bank, 2022)

6
Opportunities and initiatives
ILRI and partners works
Infographics Jenner Institute
Risk and introduction of RVF into EU is
significant given the increased trade of
animals and the presence of the vectors
in EU
Rift Valley fever – a zoonotic TAD

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ICT4Health in Vietnam
Improving human health through sustainable value
chains in human-animal-environmental interactions
using ICT in Vietnam
Project period: 2022-2025
Donor: MAFRA in South Korea
Challenges addressed by epidemiology and
control of peste des petits ruminants (Eco-PPR)
Precise
identification
of PPR risks
and risk spots
DIVA tools for
monitoring
control success
Targeted species: Pigs, cattle and poultry
Targeted diseases: ASF, FMD, PRRS, ND,
AI, Lepto and S. suis etc.

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ASF: African swine fever
Africa
 Vaccine development using CRISPR Cas9
technology
 Epidemiology and control of ASF
 Pig value chain development
 Enhanced capability for the disease
surveillance (e.g. mobile PCR pen-side test)
Southeast Asia (Vietnam and India)
Projects:
 Clinical and epidemiological features of ASF (Risk &
transmission models, virus threshold) (2020–24, Lao Cai)
 Economic impact of ASF (2018)
 Low-costs biosecurity improvement (2019–24, Son La)
 Risk pathways and risk factors identified
 Recommendations on compensation schemes
 Demonstration farms (SAPLING, APART project)
Major challenges and gaps
• Availability and quality of diagnostic assays
• So far, no scalable ASF vaccine
• Feasible low-cost biosecurity solutions (e.g. for small scale)

ILRI under World Bank-aided APART project supporting the state
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Risk assessment study Brochures: Assamese and English Biosecurity infrastruture
Awareness & training State level workshop on ASF Regional level policy workshop
on ASF
Brought international ASF
experts from FAO, CISA-INIA,
UAB etc.

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Strategies for future and expectations from G20 Nations: R&D
• Incentivized measures
(surveillance, reporting,
biosecurity, animal movement,
trade)
• Vaccinations
• Partnership among countries and
international organizations
• Building capacity

www.cgiar.org
CGIAR Initiative on One Health
To protect human health by improving detection, prevention and control of
zoonoses, foodborne diseases and AMR in LMICs

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• TADs: Impact on food security, health,
socio-economics.
• Experiences from ILRI/CGIAR and
partners to prevent and control TADs
• Investing in TADs R&D: One Health
approach, scaling and partnership
Take-home messages

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THANK YOU