Results from VCA descriptive analyses
Emily Ouma
“Workshop: In-depth smallholder pig value chain assessment and preliminary
identification of best-bet interventions, Kampala, 9-11 April 2013”

 Description of livestock production
systems in Uganda.
 Land tenure systems.
 Pig keeping objectives.
 Pig production types.
 Production system types and breeds.
 Production scale definitions – small,
medium, large.

Source: Robinson, et al., 2011. Global livestock production systems , FAO
Banana-based
Tubers-based,
largely cassava and
sweet potatoes
+ maize and beans
+
coffee, cassava, m
aize and beans

 Small farms - limited land resource typically:
◦ Masaka (50ft x 100ft plots); Mukono (0.5 acres); Kamuli (0.5 – 4
acres/hh).
 Mixed cropping systems (banana x coffee; maize x beans x
cassava), though mono-cropping also practiced – e.g. sweet
potatoes.
 Livestock types kept: cattle, shoats, pigs, poultry.

 Customary.
 Freehold (titled).
 “Mailo” tenure.
 “Bibanja” holders.
 Leasehold.
 Trust land.

0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Indexofrainfall
Rainfall pattern, Masaka district
Kabonera
Katwe Butego
Kimanya Kyabakuza
Kkingo
Kyanamukaka
Nyendo Senyange
Bi-modal rainfall pattern
Long rains: March-May
Short rains: Sept-Nov
0
5
10
15
20
25
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Indexofrainfall
Rainfall pattern, Kamuli and Mukono districts
Bugulumbya
Namwendwa
Kitayunjwa
Goma
Kyampisi
Ntenjeru

0
20
40
60
80
100
Kkingo
Kyanamukaka
Kitayunjwa
Namwendwa
Bugulumbya
Ntenjeru
Kabonera
Kyampisi
Kimanya-Kyabakuza
Katwe-Butego
Nyendo-Ssenyange
MukonoTC
Goma
Proportionofrespondents(%)
Cattle Goats Poultry Rabbit
Cattle keeping common in R-R and R-U:
48% of hh compared to only 24% in U-U
Goats: 38%-48% compared to 9% in U-U
Poultry: common in all VC

Average rank (1=highest)
Objective Men Women
Income from piglet/pigs sales 1.3 1.2
Income from pig meat sales 2.0 N/A
Source of wealth 2.3 2.3
Manure production 2.3 2.3
Disposal of waste 3.0 3.0
Nutrition/food security 2.5 2.8
Occupation 2.3 2.6
Main objective: income and soil fertility management.
No significant difference between men and women.

Objective Indicators of success
Income from piglet/pigs
sales
Ability to pay school fees.
Purchase of land and farm expansion.
Ability to pay off debts.
Able to meet medication costs, buy good clothing for family.
Manure production Improved soil fertility - high crop yield due to manure
application.
Harvest bigger bunches of “matooke”.
Biogas for household use.
Source of asset/wealth Construction of better family housing (roofing/wall material).
Purchase of plots of land.
Purchase other livestock (cattle).
General home development.
Nutrition/food security Meat for home consumption.
Increased quantity of pork consumption.

0
20
40
60
80
100
Kkingo
Kyanamukaka
Kitayunjwa
Namwendwa
Bugulumbya
Ntenjeru
Kabonera
Kyampisi
Kimanya-Kyabakuza
Katwe-Butego
Nyendo-Ssenyange
MukonoTC
Goma
Proportionofrespondents(%)
Breeders Growers Breeders/growers

Breeders Growers Both
Rural-rural 26 38 38
Rural-urban 20 28 52
Urban-urban 24 37 39

Rural-
rural
Rural-
urban
Urban-
urban
Intensive
(confined)
11 14 90
Semi-
intensive
(mixed confined
+free-range)
83 43 0
Extensive
(tethered, free-
range)
6 43 10
% of respondents, by value chain domain type

Raised wooden floor
Simple walling and roofing
material
Concrete floor
Sloping floor
Brick walls
Iron sheet roofing

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Kkingo
Kyanamukaka
Kitayunjwa
Namwendwa
Bugulumbya
Ntenjeru
Kabonera
Kyampisi
Kimanya-Kyabakuza
Katwe-Butego
Nyendo-Ssenyange
Mukono TC
Goma
Rural-rural
Rural-
urbanUrban-urban
Local
Improved
Breed type: differences evident by VC domain.
Linked to production system type.
Various institutions promoting breed change.

Breeds
 Landrace
 Large-white
 Cross-breeds (local x improved)
 Mixed breeds (undefined)
 Local
Organizations supporting breed
change
 Masaka - NAADS, World
Vision, MADDO.
 Kamuli - VEDCO, NAADS.
 Mukono – NAADS, CARITAS.

0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Kkingo
Kyanamukaka
Kitayunjwa
Namwendwa
Bugulumbya
Ntenjeru
Kabonera
Kyampisi
Kimanya-Kyabakuza
Katwe-Butego
Nyendo-Ssenyange
MukonoTC
Goma
Meanno.ofsows(includingreplacementfemales)
Smallholder Mediumholder Largeholder
Smallholder mean no. of
sows
Rural-Rural: 1.6
Rural-Urban: 2.2
Urban-Urban:1.5

0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Kkingo
Kyanamukaka
Kitayunjwa
Namwendwa
Bugulumbya
Ntenjeru
Kabonera
Kyampisi
Kimanya-Kyabakuza
Katwe-Butego
Nyendo-Ssenyange
MukonoTC
Goma
Rural-rural Rural-urban Urban-urban
%ofhouseholds
Smallholder Mediumholder Largeholder
Smallholder Medium-holder Large-holder
Rural-rural 58 28 11
Rural-urban 58 27 10
Urban-urban 65 27 8

0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Kkingo
Kyanamukaka
Kitayunjwa
Namwendwa
Bugulumbya
Ntenjeru
Kabonera
Kyampisi
Kimanya-Kyabakuza
Katwe-Butego
Nyendo-Ssenyange
MukonoTC
Goma
Meanno.ofpigsownedforslaughtering
Smallholder Mediumholder Largeholder
Mean no. of pigs-smallholder
Rural-Rural: 2.3
Rural-Urban: 2.6
Urban-Urban: 2.1

0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Kkingo
Kyanamukaka
Kitayunjwa
Namwendwa
Bugulumbya
Ntenjeru
Kabonera
Kyampisi
Kimanya-
Kyabakuza
Katwe-Butego
Nyendo-Ssenyange
MukonoTC
Goma
%ofhouseholds
Smallholder Mediumholder Largeholder
Smallholder Medium-holder Large-holder
Rural-rural 53 28 16
Rural-urban 63 24 13
Urban-urban 65 23 12

 Pig production – occurs within the overall mixed crop
and livestock systems.
 Main objective of pig keeping – income
◦ School fees payment
◦ Meet other expenditures and investments on farm
 Most of the pig keepers are smallholders;
◦ Breeders: 60-65%
◦ Growers: 50-65%
 Smallholder definition
◦ Breeders: 1-2 sows (including replacement females)
◦ Growers: 2-3 grown pigs
 Production system types
◦ Varies by value chain domain.
 Institutions promoting breed change.