Review of Community Conservancies in Kenya Mohammed Said 1 , Philip Osano 1, 2, 3 , Jan de Leeuw 1 , Shem Kifugo 1 , Dickson Kaelo 4 , Claire Bedelian 1,5 , and Caroline Bosire 6 (1) International Livestock Research Institute; (2) Dept. of Geography, McGill University, Canada; (3) Africa Technology Policies Studies Network (ATPS); (4) Basecamp Foundation; (5) University College of London ; (6) University of Twente, The Netherlands Enabling Livestock Based Economies in Kenya to Adapt to Climate Change: A Review of PES from Wildlife Tourism as a Climate Change Adaptation Option, ILRI, Nairobi, 15 February 2012

Shifts in Land Management in ASALs Photo credit: Philip Osano Land Tenure Communal Privatized Mobility Open Closed Tourism Benefits Latent Gone Payments for Wildlife Conservation (PWC) Land Lease

Wildlife trend and Poverty

Wildlife Density1970s Wildlife Density 1990s Source: WRI, ILRI, DRSRS, CBS 2007

Wildlife Density in 1990s Poverty Rate in 1999 Source: WRI, ILRI, DRSRS, CBS 2007

Evolution of Conservancies

Ratio between conservancies and PA Evolution of conservancies in the Kenya Rangeland

Typology of the conservancies in the Kenya Rangelands Photos: Rob O’Meara, Sarah O’Meara Source of Information: Olare Orok Conservancy Trust publication District Production System Number of Conservancies Baringo wildlife + livestock 1 Garissa wildlife + livestock 1 Kajiado wildlife 2 Kajiado wildlife + livestock 14 Kwale wildlife 1 Laikipia wildlife 1 Laikipia wildlife + livestock 4 Marsabit wildlife + livestock 1 Narok Wildlife 2 Narok wildlife + livestock 6 Samburu Unknown 1 Samburu wildlife + livestock 7

Typology of the conservancies in the Kenya Rangelands Land sub-division in the Mara District Land tenure category Number of Conservancies Baringo Trust land 1 Garissa Trust land 1 Kajiado Group Ranch 10 Kajiado Private 6 Kwale Private 1 Laikipia Group Ranch 5 Marsabit Trust land 1 Narok Private 8 Samburu Group Ranch 6 Samburu Trust land 2

Typology of the conservancies in the Kenya Rangelands Photos: Rob O’Meara, Sarah O’Meara Source of Information: Olare Orok Conservancy Trust publication District Project type Number of Conservancies Baringo Program 1 Garissa Program 1 Kajiado Market 9 Kajiado Program 6 Kajiado Unknown 1 Kwale Program 1 Laikipia Program 5 Marsabit Program 1 Narok Market 7 Narok Program 1 Samburu Unknown 2 Samburu Program 6

Market – Olare Orok Photos: Rob O’Meara, Sarah O’Meara Source of Information: Olare Orok Conservancy Trust publication

Case Study Sites

Evolution of the Mara Conservancies

Wildlife densities

Species richness - wildlife Ministry

Revenues from Conservancies in the Mara Photo Credit: David Huberman (IUCN)

Biodiversity outcomes

Vision 2030 Securing Wildlife Corridors

Trends of wildebeest and sheep & goats in the Mara Ecosystem Source: Ogutu, Owen-Smith, Piepho and Said 2011

Conservancies and wildlife corridors and dispersal areas

Acknowledgements International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) ( www.ilri.org ) McGill University ( www.mcgill.ca ) - Department of Geography and Department of Anthropology -McGill Institute for International Development Studies (IIDS) International Development Research Center (IDRC), Canada ( www.idrc.ca ) University College, London (UCL), Department of Anthropology Africa Technology Policy Studies Network (ATPS) ( www.atpsnet.org ) National Environment Research Council (NERC)-ESPA (NERC grant NE/1003673) Association for the Strengthening of Agricultural Research in Eastern and Central Africa (ASARECA grant PAAP/09/02) ( http:// www.asareca.org / ) World Resource Institute (WRI) ( www.wri.org ) Various partners and collaborators in Kenya (Kenya Wildlife Services, Department of Resource Surveys and Remote Sensing, African Conservation Centre, Kenya National Bureau of Statistics, African Wildlife Foundation) Local community and NGOs - Local community in Mara, Northern Rangeland Trust, The Wildlife Foundation, Olare Orok Conservancy, Naiboisho Conservancy, BaseCamp Foundation, OlKiramatian Group Ranch, SORALO