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Photo credit: Michel Dione, ILRI
Lessons in Working Towards Global Eradication of Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR)
USAID Webinar, Dec 02, 2020
Production and delivery of thermotolerant vaccine against peste des
petits ruminants in the Sahel : case of a successful Public-Private-
Partnership in Mali
Michel Dione1, Cheick Sidibe2, Oumar Kantao 2, Iddo Dror 1 and Abdou Fall 1
1International Livestock Research Institute, Dakar, Senegal
2 Central Veterinary Laboratory, Bamako, Mali

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What solutions are available to control PPR?
o Current effective vaccines (Nigeria 75/1
and Sungri strains)
 Vaccines induce long-lived immunity
 Vaccines are safe
o Thermotolerant vaccines (technology
available but not used)
 Advantage for remote and high
temperature areas
 Reduce delivery cost (cold chain)
o Test new vaccination strategies
Picture credit: Bryony Jones

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How we produce, test, commercialize and promote wide
scale use of the vaccine?
o many attempts to find ways to stabilize the vaccine for
use in areas with high temperatures.
o 2015 – USAID grant to improve productivity of ruminant
livestock in Mali for growth in income and food security
: FTF MLTSP
o Key Objective: reduce disease burden in ruminant
livestock such as PPR through vaccination: 1. Develop
Thermostable PPR vaccine and 2. Increase vaccination
coverages for PPR, CBPP and ovine Pasteurellosis

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Develop a strategic partnership with private
sector for technology transfer between:
 ILRI
 Laboratoire Central Vétérinaire, LCV, Mali
 Hester Biosciences Ltd, India
How we produce, test, commercialize and promote
wide scale use of the vaccine?

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How we produce, test, commercialize and promote wide
scale use of the vaccine?
Designation
LCV classic
(Thermolabile)
Xerovac (thermotolerant)
ref. Worrall et al. 2000
ILRI (thermotolerant)
ref. Mariner et al. 2017
Vaccine strain Nigeria 75/1 Nigeria 75/1 Nigeria 75/1
Inoculation / cellular
culture
MEM 10% MEM 10% MEM 2%
Sérum fœtal 10% Sérum fœtal 10% Sérum fœtal 2%
Stabiliser Trehalose Trehalose
Hydrolysate de
lactalbumine de
saccharose
Lyophilisation
procedure
36h (Sublimation) 18h (Cryo-dessication) 72h (Sublimation)
Distribution 1ml 1 ml 2ml
Immunizing dose (OIE
standard)
102,50 TCID50 102,50 TCID50 102,50 TCID50
Recipes of the three PPR vaccines produced at LCV

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How we produce, test, commercialize and promote wide
scale use of the vaccine?
Picture credit: LCV, Bamako, Mali
Year
Number of doses
ILRI
protocol Challenge
Xerovac
protocol Challenge
2017 219,200
High moisture
content 319,000 None
2018 120,000
High moisture
content - -
2019 240,000
None (Certification
PANVAC underway) - -
Vaccine Production at LCV

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How we produce, test, commercialize and promote
wide scale use of the vaccine?
Vaccine 37°C 40°C 45°C
ILRI
protocol
More than 7
days
7 days Less than 48h
Xerovac More than
14 days
14 days 10 days
Picture credit: LCV, Bamako, Mali
Vaccine thermostability profiles

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How we produce, test, commercialize and promote
wide scale use of the vaccine?
Minimum requirements set (FAO/OIE) for
manufacturers to use the term of
“Thermotolerant Vaccine” is 40°C for 5
days (Immunizing dose is 102,5 DITC50).

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How we produce, test, commercialize and promote
wide scale use of the vaccine?
Xerovac vaccine
has 99% efficacy
in the field;
Field work
postponed due
to COVID -
results pending
for ILRI vaccine

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How did we manage to increase vaccination coverage
for livestock?
Ex-ante studies: Willingness to Vaccinate and Willingness to
Pay for Vaccination
To improve participation of farmers to vaccination
o improve communication on vaccine benefits
o greater price transparency throughout the vaccine
production and deployment chain is critical
o timely availability of vaccine tested for viability

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How did we manage to increase vaccination coverage
for livestock?
Picture credit: Michel Dione, Sikasso, Mali
Participatory process through Innovation Platforms

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How did we manage to increase vaccination coverage
for livestock?
In year one only
Sikasso
Seroprevalence before
vaccination - 57% (CI95:
54–60%); post-vaccination-
70% (CI95: 67–73%)
Mopti
Before vaccination - 51%
(CI95: 47–55%); post-
vaccination- 57% (CI85:
53–61%)
Vaccination coverage increased after implementation of Innovation Platforms

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What are the next steps?
o External quality control of ILRI protocol-based vaccine
(validation of thermostability profiles) by PANVAC
o Completion of small-scale field validations of vaccines
o Development of:
 Policy briefs to promote the thermotolerant vaccines
 Investigations on cost-benefit analysis of
thermostable vaccines
 Guidelines for the use of the new PPR thermostable
vaccines;
 Commercialization, investment, and scaling up plan
for the new vaccines.

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References
o Dione, et al. 2017. Feed the Future Mali: Scaling up technological and institutional livestock innovations.
MLTSP Brief 1. Nairobi, Kenya: ILRI. https://cgspace.cgiar.org/handle/10568/89014
o Sadio et al. 2018. Feed the Future Mali: Factors limiting participation of farmers in livestock vaccination
programs in Mali. MLTS Brief 2. Nairobi, Kenya: ILRI. https://cgspace.cgiar.org/handle/10568/98884
o Dione et al. 2017. Feed the Future Mali Livestock Technology Scaling Program (FtF-MLTSP)—Participatory
assessment of animal health service delivery systems in Mali: Constraints and opportunities. Nairobi, Kenya:
ILRI. https://cgspace.cgiar.org/handle/10568/83019
o Dione et al. 2019. Integrated approach to facilitate stakeholder participation in the control of endemic
diseases of livestock: the case of Peste des Petits Ruminants in Mali. Frontiers in Veterinary Science.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2019.00392
o ILRI. 2020. Feed the Future Mali Livestock Technology Scaling Program (FTF-MLTS) annual report 2019.
Nairobi, Kenya: ILRI. https://cgspace.cgiar.org/handle/10568/108393
o Wane et al. 2020: Willingness to vaccinate (WTV) and willingness to pay for vaccination (WTP) against PPR
in Mali. Frontiers in Veterinary Science. doi:10.3389/fvets.2019.00488
o Mariner et al. 2017. A thermostable presentation of the live, attenuated peste des petits ruminants vaccine
in use in Africa and Asia. Vaccine, 35(30):3773-3779. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.05.040. Epub 2017 May 29
o Worrall et al. 2000. Xerovac: An ultra rapid method for the dehydration and preservation of live attenuated
Rinderpest and Peste des Petits ruminants vaccines. Vaccine 19(7-8):834-9. DOI: 10.1016/S0264-
410X(01)00200-6

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