Classical and participatory
epidemiology of canine rabies in
Lomé commune, Togo in 2012
Dr PATO Pidemnewe Steed DVM, M Sc
WA FELTP
E mail: patosteed@yahoo.fr

Introduction
Objectives
Methodology
Results and discussion
Conclusion
Recommendation

Introduction
Rabies = infectious disease / Lyssavirus
100% fatal when declared (Warrel,2004)
World: A cases/10mn (WRD, 2012 100 children/Day)
Sub‐saharan Africa: I= 0.25‐0.30/100,000 inhbt (WHO,2005)
Togo: 89 cases of human rabies 2006‐2010 SIMR
Lomé commune: 27 cases (30%)
No lab confirmation on dog rabies
Local knowledge not highlight control of disease
Provide clinical and biological diagnosis data by
technology transfert LNE Ouagadougou/ LCV Lomé and
implement participatory tools to clarify risk factors

General objective
Determine clinical and laboratory diagnosis of dog
bite on human and biting dog in PVO in Lomé
commune and describ on household some risk
factors associated to the incidence by participatory
approach
Specifics objectives
1 Reveal characteristics of people exposed/ rabid
dog
2 Establish clinical diagnosis on rabid dog
3 Confirm diagnosis (head of died or slaughter dogs)
4 Clarify character of rabid dog or not in household
by participatory approach

• Introduction
• Objectives
• Methodology
• Results/ discussion
• Conclusion
• recommendations

Study area
Lomé Commune Area: 90.56Km2
Population: 1 058 813 (DEPI, 2010)
Dog population: 42 500 ( Mindekem)
TOGO Area: 56 600 km2
Pop: 6 000 000
Africa

Prospective study
Aug 2011‐Jan 2012
Suspected dogs refer to in PVO in Lomé District. Follow up 75 dogs/
and dog bite in human notified by Veterinarian
Head /skull of suspected dogs died
or slaughter 32 cases

Case control study
March‐May 2012
Cases households sample + (11) 81/ 58 Women
Controls households not sample‐ but neighbouring
houses don’t notified rabid dogs. (11) 75/62 Women
Semi structured Interview SSI / Check list
Proportional piling, simple ranking on households
++ families in residence= a household

Results

Dog bite on human / biting dog
Characteristics Percentage
%
Comments
DFA + suspected dogs 34 Less, Durr S. et al. 2008 89%
suspected dogs +
Scratches 32 1/3 cases = scatches were
take seriuosly as risk
Unvaccinated dogs 94.7 % vaccinated is low; more
cases with unvaccinated dogs.
Ezeokoli et al (2005) 75%
Dogs: Die / observation 34.4
54.54 +
Less Kayali et al. 2003 all
dogs die were + DFA

Human bite injuries/ dog bite
Characteristics Percentage
%
Comments
Suspected dog
Slaughter
65.6
24 +
Dont or anticipate kill or
slaughter systematically dogs
Saying: Who want to eat his dog or of other
accused of rabies
No sign before die/
slaughter
56.3 Eliminated arbitrary,
subjective. Who want to…
Negative sample
65.6
More dogs were killed early
without laboratory diagnosis

Incidences
0.4 0.3
1.5 1.6
1.8
1.4
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
août‐11 sept‐11 oct‐11 nov‐11 déc‐11 janv‐12
Incidence human dog
bite iniuries / 100 000
habitants / month)
0.4
0.7
1.1
1.6 1.6
1.8
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
août‐11 sept‐11 oct‐11 nov‐11 Dec‐11 janv‐12
Incidence rabid dogs
on basis of clinical
diagnosis/10 000
chiens
PE
PE

Exposure/ risk
Suspected
dog
Positive
+
Negative
‐
Total OR p
Die 6
(54.54%)
5
(45.45%)
11 3.84 (084‐17.84) 0.089
Slaughter 5
(23.80%)
16
(76.19%)
21 0.26 (0.06-1.19) Diff. Not
significati
ve
Total 11 21 32
Dog died during observation have 3.84 times risk to be + to DFA
Dogs slaughtered during observation have 0.26 times risk to be + to DFA
It’s a risk although less to manipulate and eat rabid dog

Results case control study
Proportional piling arith mean all households investigate
After each SSI sensitize people: attitude towards dog, after
dog bite, dog vaccination, …
>1 dog stray dog
Case households 81% (47.9‐96.9) 72% (38.7‐92.3)
Control households 91% (57.2‐99.5) 72% (38.7‐92.3)
Dogs Poultry species ( bird)
Animal reared (%)
60 40
Quantity rank 2e 1er

Conclusion
Rabies is endemic in Lomé Commune
Public health problem
DFA test is assimilated by prospective study
Other risk factors were clarify par stakeholders,
Consolidate rabies data (human/dog)
Improve participatory tools for survey to clarify
situation mainly for fatal diseases

Recommendations
Decision makers
Support rabies diagnosis in Lomé(equipments, reagents/
fluorescent microscope or training dRIT /CDC)
Private veterinary office
Sensitize people who refer suspected dogs
Made complete quarantine 15 days
Surveillance network
Approve unique system rabies data management
(human/dog)
Train staff about notification using participatory tools
National veterinary office
Support or promote investigation, with PE tools

Acknowledgements
C. Jost
ROAEP,

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