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A PARTICIPATORY ASSESSMENT OF DISEASE BURDEN,
MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY FROM FIVE PRIORITY
LIVESTOCK DISEASES IN NIGERIA.
BY
DR MARIAT .O. SOLEYE
RESIDENT NFELTP
NIGERIA.
PAPER PRESENTED AT 1ST PENAPH WORKSHOP
CHAING MAI, THAILAND
11TH - 13TH, DECEMBER
2012

INTRODUCTION
• Livestock are asset to the poor and majority
kept in the rural sector of Nigeria
• Livestock are traditionally kept in 3 major
production system
• Highest number are kept by rural people in
semi intensive system
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INTRODUCTION…2
• Animal diseases of varying morbidity and
mortality threatens the livestock sector in
Nigeria
• Animal associated disease burden is
controllable, preventable and treatable
• Disease burden is sum of direct cost of the
disease
• PE gives an accurate estimates as it involves
the producers directly
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INTRODUCTION
• Federal department of livestock prioritized
six(6) diseases for control and eradication.
• They are
– Contagious Bovine pleuropneumonia
– African swine fever
– Highly pathogenic avian influenza
– Newcastle disease
– Foot and mouth disease
– Peste des petites ruminant
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OBJECTIVES
• Assess the impact of livestock diseases on
livelihood
• To make recommendations on the feasibility
of targeted interventions
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Methodology…1
• Participatory rapid assessment – used to
obtain information on epidemiology and
impact of the diseases
• Done in 4 agro ecological zones
– Sudan savannah (Kano state)
– Northern guinea savannah (Niger state)
– Sub-humid zone (Enugu state)
– Humid zone (Oyo state)
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MAP OF NIGERIA SHOWING AGROECOLOGICAL
ZONES
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MAP OF NIGERIA SHOWING THE STATES IN THE
ECOLOGICAL ZONES
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Methodology…2
• A checklist was developed
• Questions and exercises were standardized
• Clinical case definitions were developed for
the 5 diseases
• Village was the unit of analysis
• Villages were selected non randomly
• Permission was sort from leaders
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Methodology…3
• Qualitative and quantitative information were
gathered using the following tools
a) Semi structured interview
b) Proportional piling
c) Simple ranking
d) Relative incidence scoring
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Methodology…4
• SSI was used to determine
– Livelihood activities
– Production challenges
– Production cost, control and treatment cost
Simple ranking was used to determine
– Order of importance of livestock kept in terms of
number and relative importance
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Methodology…5
• Proportional piling used to determine
– Importance of each disease in terms of prevalence
and economic importance
– Age distribution on herds and flocks
– Mortality rates by age
– Estimate annual livestock level
– Incidence and impact of livestock diseases
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Methodology…6
• Relative incidence scoring was used to
estimate
– Incidence of each disease in each spp over the last
year
– Case fatality, morbidity and mortality rates
All data gathered were fed into a spreadsheet model
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RESULTS…1
• Total of 56 interviews were done
– 18 in humid zones
– 21 in semi humid zones
– 10 in Northern guinea savannah
– 7 in Sudan savannah
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Results…2
Table1: Meannumberofwomenandmen(+standarddeviation)participatinginfocusgroup
interviewsinfouragro-ecozonesofNigeria.
TotalSurvey Oyo/Lagos Kano Niger Enugu
Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male
1.4(+2.0) 3.7(+3.0)
2.1
(+2.5)
3.7
(+3.3)
0.0
(+0.0)
6.9
(+2.5)
2.0
(+2.2)
5.3
(+2.8)
0.9
(+1.6)
2.0
(+1.6)
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Results…3
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Total Survey Oyo/Lagos Kano Niger Enugu
Frequency of Livelihood Activities Practiced by Smallholder Farming Families in Four
Agro-ecozones of Nigeria
Livestock
Crops
Men's labor
Women's labor
Remittance
Other
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Results…4
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
Total Survey (n=55) Oyo/Lagos (n=18) Kano (n=6) Niger (n=10) Enugu (n=21)
AverageScore
Importance of Livestock Species in Terms of Village Populations in Four Agro-ecozones in
Nigeria
Cattle (n=22)
Sheep (n=37)
Goats (n=39)
Pigs (n=19)
Chickens (n=47)
Ducks (n=8)
Turkeys (n=3)
Guinea Fowl (n=8)
Other (n=13)
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Results…5
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
CBPP tryps FMD GI parasites ectoparasites calf diarrhea Other
%
Relative Herd Incidence of Cattle Diseases from May '09 - April '10 in Four Agro-
ecozones of Nigeria
Total Survey (n=20)
Oyo/Lagos (n=5)
Kano (n=5)
Niger (n=6)
Enugu (n=4)
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Results…6
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
Total Survey Oyo/Lagos Kano Niger Enugu
Relative Impact on Livelihoods of Cattle Diseases from May '09 - April '10 in Four Agro-
ecozones of Nigeria
CBPP (n=12)
tryps (n=14)
FMD (n=16)
GI parasites (n=5)
ectoparasites (n=4)
calf diarrhea (n=5)
Other (n=11)
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Results…9
0.0%
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
40.0%
50.0%
60.0%
70.0%
80.0%
90.0%
100.0%
Total Survey (n=16) Oyo/Lagos (n=6) Niger (n=4) Enugu (n=6)
Frequency of Swine Production Challenges Faced by Smallholder Farming Families in
Three Agro-ecozones of Nigeria
feed
water
funds
disease
veterinary services
pharmaceuticals
taxes
genetics
Other
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Results…10
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0
ASF tryps mange neonatal diarrhea GI parasites Other
%
Relative Herd Incidence of Swine Diseases from May '09 - April '10 in Four Agro-
ecozones of Nigeria
Total Survey (n=15)
Oyo/Lagos (n=6)
Niger (n=3)
Enugu (n=6)
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Results…11
0.0%
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
40.0%
50.0%
60.0%
70.0%
Total Survey Oyo/Lagos Niger Enugu
Relative Impact on Livelihoods of Swine Diseases from May '09 - April '10 in
Three Agro-ecozones of Nigeria
ASF (n=5)
tryps (n=3)
mange (n=12)
neonatal diarrhea (n=9)
GI parasites (n=10)
Other (n=5)
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Results…14
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0.0%
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
40.0%
50.0%
60.0%
70.0%
80.0%
90.0%
100.0%
Frequency of Shoat Production Challenges Faced by Smallholder Farming Families in
Four Agro-ecozones of Nigeria
Total Survey
Oyo/Lagos
Kano
Niger
Enugu

Results…15
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Results…17
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0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
90.0
100.0
Total Survey (n=21) Oyo/Lagos (n=7) Kano (n=2) Niger (n=7) Enugu (n=5)
%
Relative Flock Incidence of Chicken Diseases from May '09 - April '10 in Four Agro-
ecozones of Nigeria
NCD
Ectoparasites
pox
Other

Discussion…1
• Livestock keeping is practiced by all the
villages surveyed
• Nearly half reported sole livelihood support is
from farming
• This highlights the importance of farming to
livelihood and survival in rural Nigeria
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Discussion…2
• Regional variation in species ranking in terms
of population exists
• Little regional variation in terms of impact on
livelihood
• Chickens are the most numerous species kept
• Cattle make the greatest contribution to
livelihood
• Pigs were not numerous but ranked 2nd most
important
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Discussion…3
• Livestock diseases pose a critical challenge to
production in 4 agro ecological zones
• FMD has high incidence in cattle in all regions
• ASF has the highest relative incidence in pigs
– Case fatality of100%
– Morbidity and mortality of 15%
PPR most occurring disease in small ruminants
Morbidity and mortality of 23% and 10%
respectively, case fatality of 36- 94%
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Discussion…4
• Newcastle disease most occurring in poultry
• Morbidity of 51% and mortality of 31%
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Conclusion/Recommendation
• Farmers perception of importance of disease
is its effect on livelihood
• Assistance to farmers to overcome limitations
to production will contribute greatly to
improving livelihood
• Control of diseases should be a package
involving private and public sector
• Veterinary practice be closer to the farm level
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Acknowledgement
• Dr Chris Jost( International Livestock Research
Institute)
• International Livestock Research Institute
office, Ibadan, Nigeria
• International Livestock Research Institute
research support group
• Drs Uju Okafor, Tinuke Ahamed, Waziri Musa,
Ibrahim Musa and Ndahi Mwapu
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Thank you
for
listening
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