RESULTS OF PARTICIPATORY
ACTIVE SURVEILLANCE FOR
HIGHLY PATHOGENIC AVIAN
INFLUENZA IN UGANDA
Nantima N., Odoch Terrence, Sserugga J, Bryony J., Saskia,
H., Mariner J.,W. Kauta N., Ademun R., Ndumu D.,
Ayebazibwe C., Mugabi K., Rutebarika C.S., Mubiru E.D. and
Olaho-Mukani W.

U G A N D A

Outline for the presentation
• Background
• Objectives of study
• Methodology
• Results
• Discussion
• Conclusion

Background
• Poultry keeping plays a vital role in most
households
• Poultry are kept for;
Income
Nutrition (Eggs& Meat)
Food security,
Cultural and traditional
functions

Uganda is
free from
HPAI
Risk is high
Many
wetlands
NPs and
game
reserves
Forests
Sanctuary

Background
Country
lies in the
route of
migratory
birds
between
Eurasia
and Africa

Background
• Work funded
by ILRI
under the
Early
Detection
Reporting
and
Surveillance
project

Objectives
to detect the presence
or absence of Highly
Pathogenic Avian
Influenza (H5N1) in the
country
To assess the
epidemiology and
socioeconomic impact
of poultry diseases

Study area
Based on criteria,
10 districts were
selected for the PE
study

Methodology
• Selecting high risk
areas
• Training veterinary
personnel in these
areas in PE
• In total 30 personnel
trained in 2 trainings
– 25 District vets
– 3 Central govt vets
– 1 Private sector
– 1 University.
RAKAI
MASAKA
MPIGI
MUKONO
TORORO
BUSIA
BUGIRI
BUTALEJA
W
AKISO
JINJA
NAKAPIRIPIRIT
100 0 100 200 Kilometers

Methodology
• Districts trained in 2nd
training
• After the training, 10
districts considered to
be at high risk were
selected for the study
using the criteria
mentioned
MOROTO
LIRA
GULU
AMURU
MASINDI
HOIMA
KABAROLE
KASESE
NA
K
AS
O
N
G
O
LA
SOROTI
APAC
AMOLATAR KABERAMAIDO
D
O
KO
LO
YUM
BE
KOBOKO

Methodology
• In each district, 2 villages/district were
purposively selected
• 2 interviews/ village were carried out
• Separate interviews for free range and
commercial farmers

Methodology
• PE TOOLS USED
SSI
Pair wise
Seasonal Calendars
Proportional Piling
Matrix scoring
Impact Matrix
Timelines

Results from Ranking
Poultry disease ranked based on their impact on
livelihoods
New Castle Disease (NCD) 1
Fowl Typhoid 2
Coccidiosis 3
Chronic Respiratory Disease (CRD) 4
Fowl Pox 5

Results from Participatory Mapping

Results from Matrix scoring
INDICATORS
/SIGNS
NCD FOWL
TYPHOID
COCCIDIOSIS FOWL POX CRD
High
mortality
••••••
•••••••
13(12-14)
••••••
6 (4-8)
0 (0-3)
••
2 (0-0)
••••••
6 (4-8)
Diarrhoea •••••
•••••
10(8-18)
••••••
•••••
11(10-13)
••••••
6(2-9)
•
1(0-2)
•
0.5(0-1)
Weight
loss
•••
3(1-11)
••••••
••••••
11.5(9-
13)
•••••
••••
9(8-12)
•••
2.5(1-5)
••
2(1-4)
Fever ••••••••
••••••••
16(14-20)
•••••
4.5(0-8) 0(0)
•••
2.5 (0-4)
•••••••
7(4-10)
Lesions on ••••••••••••

PROPORTIONAL PILING BASED ON
MORTALITY
DISEASE 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Mea
n
Range
NCD 38 50 54 54 46 35 46 29 48 43 44 29-54
CRD 14 7 11 11 16 11 24 14 12 24 15.8 7-24
FOWL
POX
6 1 3 0 7 6 11 0 0 5 4 0-11
FOWL
TYPHOID
11 11 0 0 0 0 0 6 18 17 6 0-18
COCCIDIO
SIS
17 9 16 0 0 0 0 11 20 0 7 0-20
OTHERS 14 22 16 35 31 48 19 40 2 11 23 2-48

PROPORTIONAL PILING
BASED ON MORTALITY
NCD
CRD
FOWL POX
FOWL TYPHOID
COCCIDIOSIS
OTHERS

Seasonal Calendar

Discussion
• The results of participatory surveillance
indicated that there were no HPAI
outbreaks according to people’s
indigenous knowledge, clinically and at
post mortem examination.
• NCD mortality was very high affecting both
free range and small-scale commercial
farms.

Concluding Remarks
• NCD is negatively impacting on
livelihoods of poultry farmers.
• Government should strive to address the
high prevalence of NCD to improve
incomes of rural communities
• A policy framework should be developed
to promote safe poultry production.

Acknowledgement
Funders-ILRI & USAID
Jeff Mariner, Bryony Jones and Saskia H
Local Government Personnel, COVAB, PVP
and MAAIF officials who implemented the
work

Thank you for listening!!!!