How the OIE PPP Guidelines can
guide the greater involvement of the private sector in
livestock disease control in Kenya
Christie Peacock, Sidai Africa Ltd
Member of OIE Expert Panel on PPPs
Follow-up Meeting to Discuss Private Sector
Participation in Animal Health Services
ILRI, Nairobi, 7 November 2019

What are Public Private Partnerships?
“a joint approach in which the public and
private sectors agree responsibilities and share
resources and risks to achieve common
objectives that deliver benefits in a sustainable
manner”
OIE Guidelines

OIE’s definitions of PPPs in the veterinary
domain
Transactional Collaborative Transformative
Government procurement
of specific animal
health/sanitary services
from private veterinary
service providers, usually
private veterinarians and
veterinary para-
professionals.
Joint commitment
between the public sector
and end-beneficiaries,
often and a range of other
interested private
organisations, to deliver
mutually agreed
policies/outcomes.
Collaborative PPPs may be
initiated by either the
public or private sectors
and jointly resourced,
Establishment of
sustainable capability to
deliver otherwise
unattainable major
objectives. Often initiated
by the private sector but
sanctioned by, and working
with, the National
Veterinary Services.

Context
 OIE key strategic priority: ensuring the capacity and
sustainability of Veterinary Services (ref. OIE 6th Strategic Plan
– 2016-2020)
 The « OIE PPP Handbook » of guidelines for PPPs, released at
the 87th GS
 E-learning modules: introductory course available at
https://elearning-ppp.oie.int/
 4 regional workshops in Africa and Asia to disseminate OIE
guidelines
 The OIE PPP initiative is integrated into the new PVS
(Performance of Veterinary Services) Pathway as one of the
targeted support activities

Newly-approved OIE Guidelines on PPPs
can help guide new ways in which GOK can work with the
private sector

Sanitary mandate
• Animal health accreditation private operators
• Delegation of official powers to private vets
• Autorisation to conduct regulatory tasks
Performance of Veterinary Services (PVS)
III. Interaction with interested parties
Accreditation / autorisation / delegation (III.4)
Mandat sanitaire

Sanitary mandate
Scope
• Vaccination against notifiable
diseases
• Epidemiological monitoring,
surveillance and reporting
• Slaughter / meat inspection
• Diagnostic services
• Certification services
• Extension services
Mandat sanitaire

Case study : Tunisia
Vaccination against notifiable diseases
Sheep pox

Case study : Tunisia
Vaccination against notifiable diseases
F M D

Case study : Tunisia
Vaccination against notifiable diseases
F M D
Vaccination
coverage in
sheep in 2006
48 %

Case study : Tunisia
Vaccination against notifiable diseases
F M D
Vaccination
coverage in
sheep in 2018
75 %

Case study : Tunisia
Vaccination against notifiable diseases
Duration
Campaigns
reduced from 120
days to 60 days

Case study : Tunisia
Vaccination against notifiable diseases
F M D
COST PER
VACCINATED
ANIMAL
– USD 0,045

Institutional Challenges in Kenya
Inadequate resources in the public sector to achieve the
required level of vaccination coverage to effectively control
disease
Perception that all vaccines are public good and should be free
Vaccination is sporadic not routine livestock (no effective
consistent demand and supply of vaccines which inhibits R&D)
Poor timing of emergency vaccinations e.g. severe droughts
leads to poor outcomes
Lack of adequate cold chain and infrastructure in the rural areas
Lack of coordination between public and private sector players
and clarity about their roles

Challenges…
Livestock keepers (legacy of institutional challenges….)
Dependence on free hand-outs
Perception that vaccination should only be carried out when
there is a disease outbreak
Lack of knowledge on the importance of routine livestock
vaccination.
Perception that vaccination has undesired effects on the
livestock e.g. severe reaction, mortality, abortions
Lack of understanding of the need for repeat vaccination
Perception that one vaccine covers all diseases

How much would it cost to vaccinate livestock in
5 counties of northern Kenya?
Public sector
Item Kshs
Vaccines 1,253,767,641
Logistics costs,
including per diems
1,090,777,847
TOTAL COST 2,344,545,488
Private sector
Item Kshs
Vaccines and
logistics
1,539,401,813
Revenues 1,825,035,985
PROFIT 285,634,172
Jobs created 397
Income/month 60,000

How to involve private sector under a
sanitary mandate
Public Sector
PPR
FMD
RVF
CBPP
Rabies
Private sector
CCPP
ECF
Lumpy skin disease
Sheep and goat pox
Enterotoxaemia
Camel Pox
Anthrax
Black quarter

Draft PPP for vaccination of livestock in northern Kenya
PUBLIC PRIVATE
Infrastructure Vaccines
Regulatory Framework Staff & management
Communication to all stakeholders Finance
Staff - mobilization, monitoring Records & data management
Control of donors & NGOs Reporting & technology
BENEFITS
Increased vaccination coverage
Relieves public budget
More secure livelihoods for Kenyans
Reduce use of drugs, AMR down
Increased sales, profits and reinvestment
Increased external investment
ISSUES & RISKS
Resistance by vet dept staff
Political interference
Donor/NGO behaviour
Financial risk
Disruption from donor-funded
national projects

Together we CAN build a world class disease control system
in Kenya – Let’s do it!