Participatory Epidemiology Network
for Animal and Public Health
First Technical Workshop
11-13 December 2012, Chiang Mai, Thailand
Participatory approaches for
evaluating surveillance systems
Insights from a training-related study from Vietnam
Antoine-Moussiaux, N.1,2, Vu, M.Q.G.1, Delabouglise, A.1, Thi, T.P.H.1,3, Peyre, M.1, Binot, A.1,
Baudon, E.1, Calba, C., Valeix, S.1, Nguyen, T.T.4, Phan, D.T.5, Noopataya, S.6 and Jost C.7
1 CIRAD, AGIRs Research Unit, Montpellier, France
2 Tropical Veterinary Institute, University of Liege, Belgium
3 National Institute of Animal Science, Hanoi, Vietnam
4 National Institute for Veterinary Research, Hanoi, Vietnam
5 Faculty of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Hanoi
University of Agriculture, Vietnam
6 Dept of Livestock Development, Ministry of Agriculture
and Cooperatives, Thailand
7 EcoServe Solutions, Kenya

Animal Health Surveillance
...some thoughts from
Economic social sciences
Social
National level
Informal surveillance Drivers Province
Political
District
Epidemiological
Commune
Call for Interdisciplinarity
Farmers 2
PENAPH First Technical Workshop. 11-13 December 2012, Chiang Mai, Thailand

The project...
“To report or not to report?”
• Individual decision-
maker
• Under influence
• Both financial and social
factors of the decision
Loss of reputation
Responsibility
Stigmatization Loss of trust
Acceptability
PENAPH First Technical Workshop. 11-13 December 2012, Chiang Mai, Thailand

Why Participatory Epidemiology ?
• Need to talk...
– with the decision-makers (at all levels)...
– about animal diseases...
• Need to be open to discovery...
– Qualitative data are crucially needed
– Quantitative too (evaluation)
– Diversity and uniqueness of situations
– Hence, flexible methods
• Need to build interdisciplinarity...
PENAPH First Technical Workshop. 11-13 December 2012, Chiang Mai, Thailand

Why participatory epidemiology ?
• Need to build interdisciplinarity
– Build a common language
– Build a common approach
PENAPH First Technical Workshop. 11-13 December 2012, Chiang Mai, Thailand

Some fears/questions before training
Will it be a problem Will it be possible
for Vietnamese to speak about
people to talk in such a sensitive
groups ? topic ?
Will it be possible How to build upon
to share a common PE to fit to our
language between concerns ?
disciplines ? How specific should
we be, regarding the
diseases and species
addressed ?
PENAPH First Technical Workshop. 11-13 December 2012, Chiang Mai, Thailand

The training
• 12 researchers (Vietnam, Thailand, France, Belgium)
– Epidemiology, anthropology, economics
• Aims
– Provide basic PE principles and tools
– Catalyze interdisciplinarity
– Build upon PE for adapted tools
• 10 days
– 5 days classroom
– 5 days field
PENAPH First Technical Workshop. 11-13 December 2012, Chiang Mai, Thailand

The field study
Zone
Luong Dien Commune, Cam Giang District, Hai Duong Province,
Vietnam
Objective
estimate the occurrence and reporting of sudden death in poultry
Hypothesis
sudden death occurs in flocks but are not always reported
PENAPH First Technical Workshop. 11-13 December 2012, Chiang Mai, Thailand

First learning outputs...
• Yes, people were willing to speak about animal
diseases... Even sudden death in poultry
• To get their attention, talk about the species that
interest them...
– You want to know about chickens? Ask about pigs!
– Regarding decision-making, we get interesting information
from comparison between species
• Flexibility was experienced at the first day!
Why do some people not report cases ?
=> Why do some people report ?
• The need to step down and acknowledge the
farmer’s expertise
PENAPH First Technical Workshop. 11-13 December 2012, Chiang Mai, Thailand

Some difficulties...
PENAPH First Technical Workshop. 11-13 December 2012, Chiang Mai, Thailand

Some difficulties...
• Data management
– Data recording !
– Data aggregation
– Data analysis
Standardisation
Flexibility
PENAPH First Technical Workshop. 11-13 December 2012, Chiang Mai, Thailand

Some difficulties...
• Time management
PENAPH First Technical Workshop. 11-13 December 2012, Chiang Mai, Thailand

Building upon PE...
PENAPH First Technical Workshop. 11-13 December 2012, Chiang Mai, Thailand

Building upon PE...
• Get the focus on
– social aspects
– Health information rather than disease itself
• Some tracks to adapt tools
– Tree-PP for semi-quantification of declaration
– MS adapted to cross “social impact” and “diseases” or “case
disclosure”
– Flow diagram and PP for “social network analysis”
• Change of it upon disease occurrence?
– Discuss the information flow based on maps
– Use of PP to estimate
• Decision probability regarding information disclosure
• Weight of actors, motives in decision-making...
PENAPH First Technical Workshop. 11-13 December 2012, Chiang Mai, Thailand

Major lessons learnt
• PE can be mobilized as a basis for other topics in animal
health research involving a field approach
• The training itself helped in building...
– Communication
– Common principles
– Common tools
• As such, the PE training should be recommended as a
crucial step in any interdisciplinary field work around
animal health
PENAPH First Technical Workshop. 11-13 December 2012, Chiang Mai, Thailand

SEA-PREID
Participatory Research on Emerging
Infectious Diseases in South East Asia
Department of Livestock
Development