MilkIT India review and update
Thanammal Ravichandran, Nils Teufel and team
MilkIT Final Project Workshop, Lushoto, Tanzania, 9-10 December 2014
Enhancing dairy-based livelihoods in India and Tanzania through feed innovation and value chain
development approaches

Contents
• Comp1: Institutional strengthening
– Site selection and partners
– Actor mapping/development history
– Innovation platforms- performance- IP document analysis-sustainability
– Micro-business training
– Analyse innovation process- knowledge pathway study
• Comp2: Productivity
– Constraint analysis FEAST
– Prioritization of interventions
– Participatory feeding trial
– Participatory cost-benefit analysis
– Balanced feeding training
– Scaling up innovations (feed trough, concentrate feeding etc)
• Comp3: Communication
– Advisory council meeting
– Links to IFAD
– Link to other stakeholders
– Synthesis lessons- knowledge pathway study, FEAST repeat

Institutional strengthening

Site selection and partners
INHERE
CHIRAG

Actor mapping
• Interviews with different actors on development
activities
– Dairy development board (DDB)-Anchal and Mahila
dairy Vikas Prayojna (women’s dairy co-op)
– Block development office (BDO)
– Agricultural information centre/VPKAS/KVK
(agriculture research)
– Animal husbandry department (veterinary clinic)
– Forestry department
– BAIF-(National NGO for breed improvement)
– Other NGOs

Innovation platform
initial issues
Dairy value chain
IP
State dairy co-
operative
National NGO
(BAIF),
agriculture
research
institute
IFAD
Producers
Animal
husbandry
department
Private
Missing
incentives?
Tendency to push
technologies
Often
bound by
rigid rules Confidence to
communicate
Meeting/3 months Follow-up agreed actions

IPs – initial outcomes
• Bageshwar
– SHG based Jeganath milk
co-operative established
– Selling milk in nearby town
– >150 farmers/suppliers
– New employment (10)
– Supported by-NABARD,
AH,KVK,ILSP-convergence
– Link with private feed
company
• Sult
– Link with state co-operative - 4
new collection centres
established
– Relaxation of co-op rules
– Strengthening the quality
system (governance)
– Access to input support (feed)
– New employment (6)
– Limited support from AH, ILSP;
distance, less voice

IP meetings, summary
Type meeting Sult
[no. of meetings]
Bageshwar
[no. of meetings]
DVC (IP core) 4 3
Feed (IP core) 2 2
follow up (DVC &
feed)
53 149
Training/exposure
(DVC)
1 3
Institutional (DVC) 0 5
Total 60 162

IP meeting objectives
Sult

IP meeting objectives
Bageshwar

Follow up activities-Sult
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
[no.] Follow up of agreed actions,
Sult [no. of discussion topics]
done partial not done

Follow up activities-Bageshwar
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
[no.] Follow up of agreed actions,
Bageshwar [no. of discussion topics]
done partial

Participation-institutions
1 1
4
8
8
4
3
3
0
Institutional participation in IP meetings-Bageshwar
[no. of meeting participations]
Anchal (dairy coop)
Agri Dept
AnimHusb Dept
IFAD (ILSP prog)
ILRI
Banks
NABARD (DevBank)
KVK/VPKAS (Agri.Res)
Forest Dept

Dynamics of participation
1stH2013 2ndH2013 1stH2014 2ndH2014
Non-Farmer 53 41 66 62
Farmer 428 440 206 215
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
No.
Dynamics of participation in IP meetings,
Bageshwar

Dynamics of participation
1stH2013 2ndH2013 1stH2014 2ndH2014
Non-Farmer 70 69 41 43
Farmer 214 438 338 185
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
No.
Dynamics of participation in IP meetings,
Sult

Gender analysis-farmer
1stH2013 2ndH2013 1stH2014 2ndH2014
Men 65 131 69 51
Women 104 306 269 130
0
100
200
300
400
500
No
Dynamic Gender analysis-
Farmer participation in IP meetings, Sult

How many times participated?
61%
31%
6% 2%
How many times farmer members participated in IP
meetings, Bageshwar
once
2-5 times
6-10 times
>10 tims

Micro-business training
• Exposure visits
• Entrepreneurship training (Pant Nagar university)
• Balanced feeding training
Feed type Fresh
offered
DM
intake
Feeding
cost/kg
Feeding
cost
total
Green
fodder
35 8.75 3 105
Concen-
trates
1.5 1.35 16 24
Total 10.1 129
Buffalo, ND, 400 BWT, 7 litres milk
Cost Benefit
Milk yield: 7 kg/d
Milk price: 30 INR/kg
Income, milk sale: 7*30= 210 INR/d
% feeding cost= 129/210*100=
61.4%

Analysis of innovation process
• Knowledge/outcome pathway study
• 24 selected and 24 control settlements
• 4 HHs (2 men/2 women) in each settlement
• Capture changes in income through linking to
markets
• Changes in the marketing systems through IP
efforts
• Investigate history of centre closures (Aanchal)

Income through sale of milk in 1yr
Household income from milk sales [INR/y]
cluster Mean N SE
control 1222 96 297
selected 6019 96 924
Total 3621 192 514
• Higher income from sale of milk in selected
clusters (5 x)
• How far is this due to intervention?
• Test through comparison of data sources

Dairy income through
interventions?
Intervention Mean N SE
control 2.36 96 0.22
selected 3.74 96 0.35
Total 3.05 192 0.21
BlockID BlockName Intervention N
TotProd
Mean
TotProd
SE
Sale
Mean
Sale
SE
108Sult control 243 1.40 0.12 0.18 0.04
108Sult selected 327 2.20 0.16 0.16 0.03
201Bageshwar control 376 0.71 0.04 0.12 0.04
201Bageshwar selected 290 0.95 0.07 0.23 0.04
From household census data (Dec 2012)
Total milk production [lts]-KP study
Intervention Mean N SE
control 0.29 96 0.07
selected 1.36 96 0.31
Total 0.83 192 0.16
Sale of milk [lts]-KP study

Aanchal Study-
Reasons for closure of collection centres
In addition: very few services provided (credit, AI, health)
Village Name Why Dairy Closed
Bauli water scarcity, low milk price compared to market
Sainmanura water scarcity, fewer animals
Kunidhar low milk price
Khanulia low milk price
Sakar khola (I) low milk price
Dangola low milk price
Rikwasi low milk price, decreased livestock population
Adera Distance from road head and low price for milk
Minar low milk price, animals decreased, better price in market
Dheona Head load problem, low milk price, no secretary

Contents
• Comp1: Institutional strengthening
– Site selection and partners
– Actor mapping/development history
– Innovation platforms- performance- IP document analysis-sustainability
– Micro-business training
– Analyse innovation process- knowledge pathway study
• Comp2: Productivity
– Constraint analysis FEAST
– Prioritization of interventions
– Participatory feeding trial
– Participatory cost-benefit analysis
– Balanced feeding training
– Scaling up innovations (feed trough, concentrate feeding etc)
• Comp3: Communication
– Advisory council meeting
– Links to IFAD
– Link to other stakeholders
– Synthesis lessons- knowledge pathway study, FEAST repeat

Productivity

Feeding constraints
FEAST - PRA
• Sult
– Shortage of green fodder in summer, especially in May and June
– Lack of quality veterinary services and breeding services
– Lack of access to concentrate feed
– Fodder wastage during feeding
• Bageshwar
– Shortage of green fodder in summer (May, June) and winter
(December and January)
– Fodder wastage during feeding
– Lack of feeding knowledge for dairy animals
– Limited AI service, especially for buffalo
– Less grass-land and low quality of grass
– High feed cost due to purchase of grass from other areas (Chhona)
– Limited concentrate feeding

Feed innovations
from Feed IPs
• Feed troughs -
– wastage of fodder is main issue- ILSP support Sult
• Dual purpose crops
• Fodder grasses-
– difficulty to avail seeds, quality of seeds
• Chaff cutters
– Difficulty of Mechanised wheeled model -labour
problem- only women left in home due to migration
– Smaller, labor friendly model
• Concentrate feed linked with cross bred cows/ awareness

Participatory feeding trials
• Feeding troughs and chaffing fodder
• To prevent fodder wastage while feeding
• 118 farmers participated from 7 villages
• Fast adoption of feed troughs and chaff cutter
• Perception of farmers
– Less fodder wastage
– Clean fodder for animals
– Labor saved
Feed
trough
Mean
wastage %
N SE
No 22 872 0.3
Yes 11 1234 0.1

Cost-benefit analysis (feed trial) -
Feed trough and chaffing
Cost benefit analysis for Chaffing with feeding trough
INR/ year
Cost
Feed trough, construction cost 625
Feed chopper 225
Maintenance, trough and chopper 300
Labour cost for chaffing 1916
Opportunity cost of waste as compost/fertilizer for land 1825
Benefit
Additional fodder gained through less wastage 3285
Labour saved for arranging the fodder around animal 1272
Reduction health expenses 600
Increase production 273
Total benefit 5430
Net profit for first year 839
Net profit for consecutive years 1389

Adoption of feed trough- KP study
0
20
40
60
80
100
Contol Selected
No. of feeding troughs; Control vs Selected
KP study
No Yes
• More feeding troughs through intervention/ convergence support

Fodder plantation -
No. days fed, KP study
Clusters Mean N SE
control 11 96 4
selected 50 96 8
Total 31 192 5
No. of days fed with planted fodder (improved grasses)
• Intervention sites - more days fed with fodder planted
• More convergence of development actors
- fodder seeds availed through feed IP

Concentrate feed
• Bageshwar: Jeganath cooperative established collaboration
with private feed company to reduce transaction costs
• Sult: not much improvement
(Aanchal concentrate not very successful)
Knowledge Pathway (KP) study
Concentrate
use
Cluster
control selected
no 24 5
yes 72 91
Concentrate, source control selected
AaNCHAL 0 3
Jeganath cooperative 3 2
Local market 4 6
Own farm 65 80
No conc feed 24 5

Breed improvement
• AI and credit for mini dairy with crossbred cows
KP study:
0
50
100
150
Control Selected
Composition of breed in
control/selected HHs [%share]
Crossbred Local
• Crossbred cows more in selected clusters due to convergence schemes
• Bageshwar: CHIRAG/BAIF/AH active for AI services
0
10
20
30
Control Selected
Changed Breeding from NS to AI
[No. of farmers]
Bageshwar Sult

Contents
• Comp1: Institutional strengthening
– Site selection and partners
– Actor mapping/development history
– Innovation platforms- performance- IP document analysis-sustainability
– Micro-business training
– Analyse innovation process- knowledge pathway study
• Comp2: Productivity
– Constraint analysis FEAST
– Prioritization of interventions
– Participatory feeding trial
– Participatory cost-benefit analysis
– Balanced feeding training
– Scaling up innovations (feed trough, concentrate feeding etc)
• Comp3: Communication
– Advisory council meeting
– Links to IFAD
– Link to other stakeholders
– Synthesis lessons- knowledge pathway study, FEAST repeat

Knowledge sharing

Ways to share experiences &
knowledge
• Advisory council meetings (development actors)
• Links to IFAD/Ajeeveka/ILSP
• District-level stakeholder meetings (CDO)
• Staff meetings between partners –
experience sharing
• Capacity-building of partner staff (nutrition)
• Exposure visits with farmers (Gujrat)
• Documentation & Communication (GoogleDrive)
• IP sensitization meeting (Dehradun)

Advisory council meeting
participation
first second third fourth fifth
ILRI 4 2 2 2 3
UCDF, Aanchal, Haldwani 1 1 1 1 3
Animal Husbandry
department/ULDB 2 1 0 3 4
IFAD program 1 2 3 3 3
GBPantAgriUniversity 1 0 0 1 1
GBPantInstHimalayanEnvtDevt 1 1 1 0 1
VPKAS (Agri.Res) 1 1 1 1 2
CHIRAG 1 2 6 1 2
INHERE 1 2 3 1 2
Himmothan 1 0 0 1 2
Forest Dept 4 1 0 1 5
District admin 0 1 0 0 0
BAIF 0 0 1 0 1
NABARD 0 0 0 0 2
• More actor diversity at last meeting
• Aanchal/VPKAS/IFAD attended regularly

Communication tools
• Feed leaflets by ILRI and IFAD
– feeding trough
– concentrates
• IP briefs in Hindi
• Videos
– Fodder conservation / hay making
– IP role play
– Market innovations

Regional collaboration
• Stakeholder meeting (November 2014):
Almora dairy development actors - arranged by CDO and
ILSP team
• Periodic meeting planned for dairy development and
collaboration of all actors in one platform
• Plan for Aanchal and ILSP collaboration- proposal in
progress for 25 new collection centre in Almora and 3
further districts
• Replacement of milk testing equipment (Gerber method to
Automatic milk analyzer) with ILSP –
Milk IT project piloting in 5 centres this month.
• AH dept. and ILSP collaboration development in fodder
development and buffalo breed centre- proposal in
progress

Sustainability of IPs
• Regional platform is in progress for Almora
district, initiated
• Collaboration of Aanchal with ILSP for taking over
the activities in Almora district for 5 blocks
• Bageshwar: NABARD collaborates with CHIRAG
for expansion of the IPs to nearby clusters for
scale up - proposed by NABARD
• CHIRAG is trying to establish the DVC IPs in new
project (Munsyari) - one staff from Bageshwar
has moved there

Thank you