Tanzania Livestock Sector Analysis (LSA) Baseline 2016
and Projections to 2031: Livestock Production & Household Economy
Tanzanian Livestock Master Plan, Technical Advisory Committee (TAC) Meeting,
Colosseum Hotel, Dar Es Salaam 23 June 2016
Stephen Michael, Francis Makusaro (Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries Development)
& Solomon Desta (ILRI)
NOT FOR CITATION

RESULTS
Average annual net income (TZS)
(per head of traditional cattle)

Average annual net income (TZS)
(per head of commercial cattle)
114,000

Distribution of Livestock keeping
Households by main livestock activity

Distribution of Livestock keeping HHs by
main livestock activity by production zone

Contribution of Livestock income to
household Poverty reduction - Central Zone

Livestock Contribution to Employment
Generation (C&L zone) at production stage
(# person months/year/household)
Dominant species Total Labour Family Labour External Labour
Cattle
Small 12 9 3
Medium 25 20 5
Goats
Small 0.02 0.02 0.00
Poultry
Small 1 1 0.0
Swine
Small 2 2 0.00
Medium 61 13 48

Contribution of livestock to meeting household (HH)
nutrition requirements
Calories Proteins
Cattle
Small 8% 22%
Medium 10% 45%
Sheep
Small 16% 1%
Goats
Small 6% 2%
Medium 2% 14%
Poultry
Small 7% 1%
Swine
Small 11% 1%
Medium 8% 2%

NATIONAL LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION
(Meat, Milk, Eggs, Organic Matter and Energy) - 2016
Product
Unit
Quantity of product
MEAT
• Cattle Tonnes 395,000
• Sheep Tonnes 20,000
• Goats Tonnes 64,000
• Swine Tonnes 19,000
• Poultry Tonnes 82,290
All Meat Tonnes 580,320
COW MILK Liters 2,043,061,700
EGGS Number 2,882,456,300
HIDES & SKIN Tonnes 2,540
ORGANIC MATTER Tonnes 19,459,150
ENERGY Days 45,934,000

Share of meat production by livestock species

NATIONAL LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION GDP - 2016
Product
Total value added (in millions
TZS)
MEAT
• Cattle 1,371,700
• Sheep 68,640
• Goats 212,810
• Swine 33,290
• Poultry 391,800
All Meat 2,078,270
COW MILK 764,890
EGGS 272,130
HIDES & SKIN 1,300
ORGANIC MATTER 194,590
ENERGY 828,990
TOTAL 4,140,140
* LSA estimates do not include income from donkeys, other livestock species and
GDP from the VC

Percent share of Livestock GDP by product type

Comparison of Livestock Production from LSA, MALF and FAO
Product Unit LSA Estimates 2016 MALF 2016
Meat
Cattle Tonnes 395,049 323,775
Sheep Tonnes 19,955
129,292
Goats Tonnes 63,979
Swine Tonnes 19,047 91,451
Poultry Tonnes 82,290 104,292
Total Meat 580,320 648,810
Milk Million litres 2,043 2,127
Eggs
Millions
of eggs 2,882
4,353
Hides & Skins Tonnes 2,538
Organic matter Million tonnes
19,459,149
Energy Thousand days
46,000

NATIONAL LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION from ruminants (Meat,
Milk, Organic Matter and Energy) & GDP– 2016 and 2031
Product
Unit
Quantity of
product - 2016
Quantity of
production 2031
MEAT
• Cattle Tonnes 395,000 649,450
• Sheep Tonnes 20,000 29,000
• Goats Tonnes 64,000 159,600
COW MILK
Million
litres 2,043 3,400
ORGANIC
MATTER
Thousand
tonnes 19,459 34,171
ENERGY
Thousand
days 45,934 74,995

NATIONAL LIVESTOCK & GDP AT PRODUCTION STAGE for
ruminants– 2016 and 2031
Product
Total value added
(Millions TZS)
2016
Total value added
(Millions TZS)
2031
MEAT
• Cattle 1,371,700 2,255,000
• Sheep 68,640 100,000
• Goats 212,810 530,800
COW MILK 764,890 1,273,060
ORGANIC MATTER 194,590 1,828,200
ENERGY 828,990 1,352,700

CONCLUSIONS
 In Tanzania, cattle and poultry are the major livestock activities
 Results show annual returns per head of cattle in the highland zone is
higher than other zones in traditional herds.
 For commercial livestock keeping, medium size dairy pays more than
ranches and cattle fattening.
 The contribution of traditional livestock to increasing income is substantial
only in medium size livestock herds (which are small in number), not small
herds kept by poor households.
 Thus, reducing household poverty in traditional livestock will require
investments in productivity increasing technology and changes in policies
to promote adoption.
 Contribution of the sector to employment and national economy (GDP) is
substantial, but it can only be raised greatly with appropriate investments
in productivity increasing technologies.
 The potential of the sector to overcome malnutrition is great through
providing Animal Source Foods (ASF).
 Livestock production will increase greatly from 2016 to 2031 but to see
whether this increase will be enough to ensure “food security” in 2031 we
will need to compare this projected production growth to the projected
increase in consumption requirements (the next step in the LSA analysis)