Presented by Els Rijke (Transition International, consultant), Violet Barasa (ILRI) and Diana Brandes – van Dorresteijn (ILRI), Tanzania, 1-8 December 2014

1. Gender capacity assessment and development in the
CGIAR Livestock and Fish Research Program
Focus group discussions
Els Rijke, Transition International, consultant
Violet Barasa, ILRI
Diana Brandes – van Dorresteijn, ILRI
Tanzania, 1-8 December 2014

2. Why Gender Capacity Assessment and Development?
• Addressing gender issues is key:
– 2/3 livestock keepers are women;
– Women play important roles but are often constrained;
– Addressing inequalities can increase agricultural production
and improve food security;
– Business development, income/employment
• Skills and resources needed
• Gender Capacity Development = priority gender strategy
• Be systematic, deliberate, rigorous to assess capacties
• Use beyond ILRI / LAF = “a service” for/to govern./private
sector

3. Objectives
• Analyze gender capacities of the LAF partners
• Define desired future gender capacities
• Design tailor-made capacity development
interventions per country
• Tanzania: to review the methodology for gender
capacity assessment, by piloting the three sets
of tools (enabling environment, organisational
development, individual (needs and)
assessment)

4. The big picture
Gender
capacity
audit/
Impact
assessment
Gender
capacity
development
strategy
Gender-CD
Strategy
Implementation
Monitoring
and
Evaluation
Tools

6. Gender capacities
Actors
Level
3 dimensional framework

7. Levels of analysis
policies, rules and legislation,
regulations, power relations and
social norms
internal policies, arrangements,
procedures and frameworks
allowing an organization to operate
and deliver on its mandate
skills, experience, knowledge,
leadership and motivation of people

8. Core Gender Capacities
1. Gender analysis and strategic planning
2. Gender responsive programming, budgeting
and implementation
3. Knowledge management and gender
responsive M&E
4. Effective partnerships and advocacy on
promoting gender equality
5. Gender and leadership
6. Innovation in gender responsive approaches

9. Actors and functions
• Research
– universities,
– research institutes
• Development
– local government offices
– extension offices
– local / national NGOs
– service providers

10. FGD and interview guide
• Assesses capacities of development partners
and research partners
• At organizational and individual levels
• FGD and interview guide
• Guided self assessment
• Scoring and qualitative information
• Existing and desired capacities
• This tool will take approx. 3 hours.

11. Gender analysis and strategic planning
• The capacity to do gender analysis, access to and knowledge of gender
analytical tools, and the capacity to use information from analysis in
strategic planning.
• Gender analysis: who does what? Who has what? Who decides? How?
Who gains? Who loses?
• Gender sensitive value chain analysis: market system and social
context: who does what, receives what, uses what resources and makes
what positions at different points in the system, why do any existing
social hierarchies exist and persist
• gender analytical tools: components of gender analytical
methodologies or frameworks (participant observation, participatory
rural appraisal (PRA) techniques, formal surveys)

12. Gender analysis and strategic planning
What are gender issues in the dairy value chain in Tanzania?
• predominantly short value chains in which women dominate
• women play important role in the dairy value chain, esp. feeding cattle, rearing
calves, but are relatively invisible
• Women decide on milk revenues in 80% of cases. women sell milk mostly at
farm gate, informal markets, non-pasteurized milk (MilkiT proposal)
• Women participate in hubs and collectives, but less active than men
• ownership and decision-making regarding cattle?
• Intra-household consumption? Who decides, who benefits?
• access to adequate feeding, breeding, animal health and credit services?
• access to / control over land, capital, knowledge and information
• Constraints and benefits in VC upgrading: will women benefit more? Or will
they be left out? Gender changes in labour when shifting from pastoralist to
intensive systems
Are these gender issues analyzed? Who is doing this analysis? What is (not)
known?

13. Gender responsive programming, budgeting,
and implementation
• The capacity to develop gender responsive
programs and implement them as planned,
allocate financial and human resources to it,
having a gender sensitive structure and
organizational culture, reflected amongst others
in an internal gender balance.
• Gender Responsive Programming: Programming
that is aware of gender roles and relations and
responds to these

14. Gender responsive programming, budgeting,
and implementation
• Are gender issues taken into consideration in
program implementation, service delivery?
• Are gender issues researched?
• Research can be done either specifically on
gender issues in value chains (strategic gender
research), or, gender is mainstreamed into
research.

15. Knowledge management and gender
responsive M&E
• The capacity to collect and analyze sex disaggregated and gender
equality data, to monitor and to report on gender responsive
programming.
• Gender responsive monitoring and evaluation tracks changes in: the
material conditions and social positions of women and men
participating in the chain; gender attitudes and practices of chain
actors; and chain level performance, including women's and men's
shares in chain employment and income across nodes.
• A gender-sensitive indicator can be defined as “an indicator that
captures gender-related changes in society over time”
• sex disaggregated data: Statistics disaggregated by sex or gender.
within and beyond the household, not the same as household data
disaggregated by household head.
•

16. Effective partnerships and advocacy on
promoting gender equality
• The capacity to build coalitions, influence government
and external partners, and to advocate for women's rights
• collaborative partnership approach “beneficiaries”
become partners in development processes, which is
empowering and facilitates mutual learning and will
create more meaningful inclusive and sustainable
development.
• Tanzania: Dairy Development Forum, Dairy Market Hubs…
• Gender equality?
• Other partnerships?
• Do you advocate for gender equality?

17. Gender and leadership
• The commitment and vision towards
gender equality and women’s rights;
women's leadership and power to take
decisions.
• Commitment and leadership is important
throughout the organization, from
management down to other staff.

18. Innovation in gender responsive approaches
• Innovative and experimental
approaches for impact in women's
empowerment (from
accommodating to transformative),
capacity to search for, absorb and
share information, knowledge and
resources

19. Working definitions of gender
(i) The gender equality continuum
/ responsive

20. Gender accommodating approaches
Recognizes and responds to the specific needs and realities of men
and women based on their existing roles and responsibilities.
• Examples of such approaches are: improving women's skills in
poultry farming (a traditional women's commodity), designing
trainings in a way that they are easily accessible for women who
tend to be more tied to the house, developing credit mechanisms
that can be accessed by women's savings groups.
• Such actions are important and may be easier to implement, less
challenging to the status quo
• But, the interventions tend not to address women's ability to
control the benefits, their decision-making power, their position in
the household and society. They tend to focus more on involving
women than on gender and engaging men

21. Gender transformative approaches
Improving women's access and control over resources and technologies
while explicitly aiming to change gender norms and relations in order to
promote gender equality.
• The social context is not just something to understand and work
within, but as something to act on
• Aim to address the causes of gender inequality and not just the
symptoms.
• Examples of interventions are: organizing women and creating
awareness of their rights, increasing women's ownership of livestock
and their ability to market on their own terms, interventions at
household level that improve intra-household decision-making on
livestock management including sales and distribution of income from
sales.

22. Innovation in gender responsive approaches
• Tanzanian examples of Gender
Transformative Approaches (GTAs)?
• Experiences with Gender
Transformative Approaches (GTAs)?
• Other innovative approaches and
methods with regard to gender?

23. Internal Organization
Organizational gender issues and the organization’s gender-
responsive practices and performances :
• Gender balance within the organization
• Organizational norms and values
• Gender sensitive workplace (equal pay, equal
opportunities to promotion and training, access to child
care, flexible work schedule, safe workplace, prohibition
of discrimination, women friendly equipment and
facilities, etc.)
• The adjustment of policies and procedures
What are some gender-responsive practices and
performances?

24. Inputs for the Capacity Development Strategy
• Vote to define the priority of importance of capacities:
• each participant gets 5 votes to indicate which five
capacities are more important / relevant according to him /
her.
• Important capacities can include weak capacities that need
to be strengthened, as well as existing capacities that need
to stay in place.
• Discuss the outcome of the voting and make a priority
listing of 5 – 10 capacities.
• Discuss and agree for each prioritized capacity how to
maintain or strengthen them.

25. Individual Questionnaires
• For individual (esp. mid level) staff
• Managers to encourage staff
• Individual level
• Scoring on parameters and optional comments
• Prioritizing capacities for CD
• Google Forms survey, max 15 min
• Optional print outs

26. CGIAR is a global partnership that unites organizations engaged in research for a food secure future. The CGIAR
Research Program on Livestock and Fish aims to increase the productivity of small-scale livestock and fish systems
in sustainable ways, making meat, milk and fish more available and affordable across the developing world.
CGIAR Research Program on Livestock and Fish
livestockfish.cgiar.org