Food safety and emerging foodborne pathogens in Thailand and Vietnam

Food safety and emerging foodborne pathogens in Thailand and Vietnam
10/17/12 EH2012, 16-‐18 Oct. Kunming Food Safety and Emerging Foodborne Pathogen in Thailand and Viet Nam Parichat Saenna1, Luu QuocToan2, Hung Nguyen-‐Viet2, Karin Hamilton3, Suwit Cho�nun4, Puriya Ngamwongsa�t5, Somboon Sangmaneedet6, Jennifer Steele7, Akeua Unahalekhaka8, Bruce A. Wilcox1, 7 1Global Health Asia, Faculty of Public Health-‐Mahidol University 2Hanoi School of Public Health, 3College of Veterinary Medicine-‐University of Minnesota, 4Faculty of Veterinary Medicine-‐Chiang Mai University, 5Faculty of Veterinary Science-‐Mahidol University, 6Faculty of Veterinary Medicine-‐ Khon Kaen University, 7Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine-‐Tu�s University, 8Faculty of Nursing-‐Chiang Mai University Introduc�on/Background >> Foodborne pathogens make a substan�al contribu�on to the problem of global emerging diseases (Tauxe 2002) >> Significant progress has been made recently in characterizing and framing the problem of food safety for developed regions (Dole & Erickson 2006, Sofos 2008, Newell et al, 2010) >> This framework has limita�ons for applica�on to developing regions due to the dis�nctly different economies, cultures, bio-‐clima�c, and food produc�on systems. >> Our research goal is to describe these differences based in Thailand and Vietnam, illustrate them with a prominent case example, and suggest the general elements of a framework more suitable for tropical developing regions 1
10/17/12 Objec�ves >> To point out the different situa�on of food safety between developed versus developing countries >> To illustrate this difference in food safety by using as a case example the emerging food borne pathogen Streptococcus suis in Thailand and Viet Nam >> To suggest a further step for addressing the food safety framework in Thailand and Viet Nam Global Drives Local GDP (per capita in USD) 6,000 5,000 4,000 TH 3,000 VN CH 2,000 1,000 0 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Source: World Bank 2
10/17/12 Trend in Meat and Eggs Consump�on in Thailand and Viet Nam kg/capita/year Thailand Viet Nam kg/capita/year 40 40 35 35 30 30 Pork_TH 25 25 Pultry_TH Pork_VN 20 eggs_TH 20 Pultry meat_VN Beef_TH Beef_VN 15 15 eggs_VN 10 10 5 5 0 0 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Source: FAOSTAT Meat Processing in The East 3
10/17/12 Meat Processing in The West Prominent Foodborne Pathogens in Developed and Developing countries Developed country Developing country Salmonella Salmonella Listeria monocytogenes Staphylococcus aureus Vibrio Vibrio Shigella Shigella STEC Escherichia coli Yesinia spp. Clostridium perfringens Campylobactor Bacillus cereus Streptococcus suis Source: FoodNet BOE, Thailand 4
10/17/12 S. suis as an Emerging Zoono�c Foodborne Pathogen in Thailand and Viet Nam World Map of Human Streptococcus suis Cases with Background Pig Density Data Hughes J M et al. Clin Infect Dis. 2009;48:617-625 © 2009 by the Infectious Diseases Society of America 5
10/17/12 S. suis as an Emerging Foodborne Pathogen in South East Asia China Yu et al., 2006 Vietnam Thailand Werthein et al., 2009 BOE, Thailand Agricultural Intensifica�on and Disease Outbreak 6
10/17/12 Pork Procurement, Processing & Consump�on Picture courtesy: PH, Lampun S. suis Incidence in Pigs in Chiang Mai S. suis incidence in pigs Pig Density CM City CM City Padungtod et al., 2010 Global Health Asia 7
10/17/12 S. suis incidence in Humans in Pa Yao, Thailand S. suis incidence Pig density (per area) in Pa Yao Pa Yao City Takeuchi et al., 2012 Comparison of drivers of foodborne disease emergence Drivers Developing country Developed country Economic Factor   Trading  Increase global market, but as producer,   Increase global market, but rather be an exporter and consumer importer than a producer Agriculture Factor   Animal husbandry   Mainly smallholders, an�bio�cs and growth   Mainly large holders, an�bio�cs and promoters are unregulated growth promoters are regulated Environmental Factor  Waste management standards are usually met  Waste management standards are strictly   Waste management by large holders, but not always by small holder. regulated. Manure is less widely used for Livestock manure is widely used as fer�lizer. fer�lizer.  Smallholder livestock slaughterhouses are  Slaughterhouses generally cer�fied, meet generally uncer�fied, including tradi�onal strict standards and inspected.   Animal carcass management slaughtering by villagers, impossible to regulate. Social factor   Demogra  Increase suscep�bility of popula�on  Increase suscep�bility of popula�on   Knowledge, a�tude and prac�ce  lack of knowledge to iden�fy quality of meat,   Have knowledge to iden�fy safe meat toward hygiene and sani�za�on for inadequate knowledge and prac�ce toward food and prac�ce safe hygiene and sani�za�on food prepara�on prepara�on, hygiene and sani�za�on in food prepara�on   Different between urban and rural areas: rural  Change in lifestyle and consumer habit,   Consumer trends people may eat tradi�onal raw foods, urban ea�ng out and fast food are preferred Consump�on habit people develop preference for fast food 8
10/17/12 What can be done?? Challenges and Gaps Scien�fic research >> Much of researches have been done in epidemiology and molecular microbiology. Thus result are repeated, as well as new knowledge are sca�ered. Public Health Infrastructure >> Lack of capacity in foodborne disease iden�fica�on. Much of food poisoning are under report, and Public Health services are o�en would not be able to iden�fy the pathogen. Human >> Disease iden�fied from pa�ent are hardly to inves�gate whether from food, as zoonoses, or from lack of personnel sani�za�on. 9
10/17/12 Suggested for Further Step to be�er understand foodborne disease and emerging foodborne pathogen risk, and risk mi�ga�on >> Characterize the food chains in Thailand and Viet Nam from livestock husbandry and produc�on – ecosystem >> Iden�fy risk factors in considera�on of the food chains, globaliza�on to local factors >> Household risk management and behavior: knowledge, a�tude and prac�ce >> Risk percep�on and communica�on Acknowledgement Authors would like to thanks these following people/organiza�on:   GIS maps made by Mr. Kongchack Jaidee, Global Health Asia, PH, Mahidol University   Livestock informa�on, as well as the discussion, provided by Department of Livestock Development officer   Human cases, as well as other health informa�on provided by DPC10 10
10/17/12 Thank you!!! 11

Food safety and emerging foodborne pathogens in Thailand and Vietnam

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Food safety and emerging foodborne pathogens in Thailand and Vietnam