Wild food

People’s access to cultivated, wild and imported foods

Extent and availability of human, economic, biophysical and social resources

Economic

Demographic

Socio-political

Biophysical

Soil

Climate

Terrain/slope

Pests & diseases

In & out-migration

Sale of assets

In & out-migration

Sale of assets

In & out-migration

Sale of assets

Factors determining food ACCESS have more of an impact than those determining AVAILABILITY

Magnification of existing problems

HIV food insecurity

In recent years global cereal consumption been consistently less than production

Urbanisation

Increased demand high value products

Shift to biofuels

Increasing transport costs

Human health & ability to work

Vulnerability = exposure and sensitivity to livelihood shocks and stressors

Vulnerability mapping – Umkhanyakude case study

Increasing food insecurity

Unemployment, food price increases, HIV/AIDS, poor quality diets, adverse environmental conditions and poverty

Decreasing desire and/or ability to engage in small holder agriculture

opportunities to diversify their local livelihood strategies;

access to land, water and other natural resources;

access credit and extension services.

interventions to improve the nutritional situation

However, plenty of evidence suggests that social safety nets, such as cash transfers, have a valuable role to play

How do we think of small holder agriculture in the context of changing livelihoods and sometimes changing expectations?

How can we better collaborate with existing efforts for faster and greater impact?

Adaptation work – e.g. CCAA, OXFAM

Social transfers – e.g. RHVP, UN and Partners Alliance

Agricultural policy – e.g. CAADP