Better lives through livestock
Enhancing farmer engagement in
climate policy and COP27
Romy Chevallier
Policy and engagement specialist, AICCRA
Eastern Africa Farmers Federation (EAFF) Policy and Advocacy Development Virtual Workshop
Online meeting, 29 September 2022

Koronivia Joint
Work on
Agriculture
• Where we are at?
• What to look out
for at COP27?
Enhancing farmer
engagement in
climate policies
• NDCs and Long-term
strategies
Advocacy
tools and
approaches

Why does agriculture matter?
Land plays an
important role in
global cycles of
GHGs
Land use
activities can
result in
emissions of
GHGs
Land use can
contribute to the
removal of GHGs from
the atmosphere
through sustainable
management of
forests, oceans and
ecosystems
Measures need to
be in place to
facilitate adaptation
to climate change,
especially to ensure
food production is
not threatened
IPCC finds that Agriculture,
Forestry and Other Land
Use (AFOLU) is responsible
for 25% of GHG emissions
from deforestation and
degradation, agricultural
emissions and forest and
agricultural burning
Reference: D Dhanush, CLIM-EAT

KORONIVIA JOINT WORK ON AGRICULTURE

KORONIVIA JOINT WORK ON AGRICULTURE
• Agriculture is the only sector with a dedicated ‘joint’ workstream at the
climate negotiations
• At COP23 in Bonn in 2017 a road map was adopted to address agricultural
issues
• Decision requests Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice
and Subsidiary Body for Implementation to address agricultural challenges
through workshops & expert meetings covering identified topics
• Parties/ observers submit views on each topic which are then discussed at
upcoming workshops. Workshops produce recommendations to COP

Koronivia expert meetings and key topics
DEC 2018
Methods for
implementing
the outcomes
of Koronivia
workshops
JUNE 2019
Methods for
assessing
adaptation
and building
resilience
JUNE 2019
Improving soil
health and soil
carbon
storage,
including
through
improved
water
management
Dec 2019
Improving
nutrient use and
manure
management
NOV 2020
Improved
livestock
management
systems
NOV 2020
Intersections of
the socio-
economic and
food security
dimensions of
climate and
agriculture
2021
Additional:
Intersessional
Sustainable land
and water
management:
scaling
implementation

The Koronivia timeline
NOV 2017
Adoption of
the Koronivia
decision at
COP23
MARCH
2018
Submission of
views by
Parties and
observers on
the elements
to be
included in
KJWA
APR-MAY
2018
Adoption of
the KJWA
road map
Dec 2018
Integration
of Financial
Mechanism
s in the
KJWA
process
Oct 2018
-Sep 2020
Implementation
of the KJWA
road map and
its workshops
NOV 2020
COP
postponed
due to
COVID
Final
workshops
on KJWA
held during
climate
dialogues
NOV 2021
Report to
COP26 on
progress and
outcomes of
the KJWA
NOV 2022
New
mandate for
KJWA to be
achieved at
COP27

Negotiators assessed outcomes from previous 3 workshops. Consensus was reached on
the following topics:
• Soil and nutrient management practices lies at the core of climate-resilient,
sustainable food production systems and contributes to global food security.
• While livestock management systems are vulnerable to climate change, adopting
sustainable production practices and improving animal health contributes to
reduced GHG emissions and increases carbon sequestration in pastures and grazing
lands.
• Need to continue working on agriculture under UNFCCC with a view to adopting a
decision at COP27. Parties recognised the impact of the KJWA on financing entities
and its potential in aligning international organisations and processes in their work
on agriculture and climate change.
KJWA and COP26

REACHING CONSENSUS NOT EASY
• Vested interests of countries and entities (developed vs. developing)
• Disagreement on focus for agriculture: mitigation/ adaptation
• Countries/ agriculture stakeholders can be hostile to shift in policies/ rules
• UNFCCC negotiators are often foreign ministers/ environment ministers
• Absence of resources to support and scale good approaches, as well as to
integrate agriculture into existing policies (NDCs)
• Lack of finance dedicated specifically to increase food security

• Countries need to agree on a new mandate/ future for the KJWA
• OPPORTUNITY to adopt an integrated and holistic approach across the food
system, moving beyond sustainable agriculture
• Africa focus: Important to ensure a focus on food security.
• Way forward:
• Focus on mobilising technical and financial resources to support implementation
• Develop workplan to incentivise multi-stakeholder partnerships that enhance climate
action in agriculture
TOWARDS COP27

OTHER PROCESSES TO WATCH AT COP27

NDC’s and
Long-term
Strategies
• Glasgow Climate Pact called all countries
to revise their NDCs in 2022 (instead of
in 2025) with more ambitious emission
reduction targets for 2030.
• Called countries to work towards
developing their long-term, low carbon
emissions strategies

GLASGOW
CLIMATE
PACT
•COP26 called all countries to
revise their NDCs in 2022
(instead of in 2025) with more
ambitious emission reduction
targets for 2030.
•Call countries to develop Long-
Term, Low Carbon emissions
Strategies to 2050

CLIMATE
FINANCE
• Address unmet promises: Delivery of
USD 100 billion/annum commitment
• Increase for mitigation, adaptation, loss
and damage (small holder farmer
access?)
• Betw. 2000- 2018, contributions to
agriculture & land use totalled $ 122 bn
(26% of climate flows).
Bilateral deals/ pledges:
• Agriculture Innovation Mission for
Climate - support CSA & food systems
innovation (2021 – 2025)
• World Bank committed $25 billion
annually to 2025, focus on agri/food.

• Signed by 110 countries (including
Rwanda, DRC, Djibouti and Ethiopia)
• Action to reduce global methane
emissions by 30% by 2030.
• Agriculture contributes 40-53% of
anthropogenic methane emissions
(70% generated by ruminant
livestock, 20% from rice production,
7% from manure).
GLOBAL
METHANE
PLEDGE

LOSS AND
DAMAGE
• At COP26 the Glasgow Dialogue was
launched to discuss funding
arrangements for loss and damage.
• Countries agreed to strengthen
support to vulnerable countries with
resources to address climate risk
(including loss of income from
agricultural production and damage to
infrastructure or property).

GLASGOW
DECLARATION
ON FORESTS
AND LAND
USE
• 144 countries (including Kenya,
Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda and DRC)
• Committing to end and reverse
deforestation and land degradation
by 2030
• Implement, redesign and finance
agricultural policies and programmes
to incentivise sustainable agriculture
and promote food security
• Financial support to Indigenous
Peoples and local communities

POLICY ACTION
AGENDA FOR
TRANSITION TO
SUSTAINABLE
AGRICULTURE
•Provides innovative pathways and actions
to support a just transition to sustainable
food and agricultural systems.
•Supported by 16 countries (Ethiopia,
Madagascar, Morocco, Nigeria).
•95 companies committed to halting and
reversing decline of nature by 2030.
•Launch of ‘100 Million Farmers’ to assist
farmers with food systems transformation
via multi-stakeholder platforms (convened
by World Economic Forum)

ARTICLE 6:
MARKET
MECHANISMS
• New agreements and rules for market
mechanisms, such as support the
transfer of emission reductions (carbon
credit trading) between countries
• Agricultural carbon offsetting projects
only account for 1% of all carbon
credits issued, while Forestry and Land
Use sector are the largest generators of
carbon credits (45%).

COP27 IS COINED
‘IMPLEMENTATION
COP’
- Key focus now is how
countries will integrate
these global commitments
and pledges into national
level action

ENGAGEMENT
AT COP27
• Forest, Agriculture and Commodity Trade
Dialogue
• Adaptation and Agriculture Day (12 Nov)
• Flagship initiative of Egyptian Presidency
– Food and Agriculture for Sustainable
Transformation
• 2 x Food Systems Pavilions
• Opportunity for farmers to showcase
solutions/ discuss barriers under a
number of themes.

MULTI-LAYERED PROCESSES

Farmer engagement in climate policies
– NDCs and Long-Term Strategies

Agriculture in the
NDCs of countries in
Eastern Africa
Key concepts
and themes

NDCs as important vehicles to
communicate farmer priorities
and guide action

• National climate plans to 2030
(mitigation and adaptation)
• Bottom-up plans, determined by
countries-level
• Reviewed every 5 years for
• Call for revision in 2022
C Inclusive process
Nationally Determined Contributions (2030)

• NDCs serve to guide coordinated
responses from all sectors and
stakeholders across society.
• They set a path for ambitious
climate action
• Agriculture is a KEY sector to
achieve these country goals

NDCs: the building blocks for a long-term vision

The on-going revision process
of NDCs opens opportunities
for farmer organisations to
lobby their governments to
ensure that their interests and
needs are included as priority
areas for climate action.
If farmer concerns are not
captured within NDCs, it is
unlikely resources will be
allocated to these areas.

Kenya
2016, 2020
Tanzania
(Zanzibar)
2018, 2021
DR Congo
2016, 2021
Rwanda
2016, 2020
South Sudan
2021
Eritrea
2018
Burundi
2017, 2021
Ethiopia
2017, 2020
Uganda
2016, 2021
EAFF member countries and revised/ new NDCs
* Official UNFCCC registry (August 2021)
Djibouti
2016

• Low emissions, climate-
resilient development
strategies to be
developed in 2020.
• All of society and all
sectors.
• 4 African countries have
submitted their LTS’s
(South Africa, Benin,
Nigeria and Morocco) but
many developing them
• Opening intervention
opportunities for
farmers.
LONG-TERM STRATEGIES (2050)

• Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs),
• National Adaptation Programmes of Action (NAPAs),
• National Climate Change Strategies/ Climate Bills/ Green
Economy Strategies/ sectoral strategies.
Besides NDCs and Long-Term Strategies, farmers can also
engage other climate strategies and policies to pursue their
interests and needs

Strengthening the content and
substance of climate policies to
reflect farmer interests

The agricultural sector
features prominently in
national commitments,
indicative of the
transformative role it can
play in climate action and
as a driver sustainable
development BUT extent,
depth and quality of
inclusion varies

Research conducted on the agricultural
contributions of 162 NDCs found that:
• Most NDCs include agricultural
mitigation (CA and CSA, soil and crop
management, agroforestry and
afforestation)
• Most countries listed agriculture as a
priority for adaptation (livestock and
crop management, fisheries/
aquaculture management, irrigation and
water management, knowledge transfer,
agricultural diversification and soil/ land
management).
• Almost all countries mention forestry.

NDCs should better reflect farmer interests
• References to agriculture are weighed in
adaptation and resilience building.
• Balance adaptation and mitigation elements of
agriculture
• Very few set GHG reduction targets specifically
for agriculture.
• Few make explicit reference to farmers.
• While many refer to gender and the inclusion of
women, few refer to gender in the context of
agriculture/ women farmers.
• Few goals and indicators on food loss and waste,
post-harvest losses and dietary transitions.

Define financial support needed to implement activities
in the agriculture sector, particularly resources targeted
for women farmers and their communities.
Ie. call for budget allocations to subsidize costs for
gadgets and data, digital infrastructure network
expansion, climate insurance, capacity building and
training etc
INCLUDE SPECIFIC CALL FOR
implementation support

Include specific technical capacities needs and training requirements,
including enhanced capacities to engage decision makers, raise awareness
and outreach. Ie. Strengthening the capacities of NFOs to conduct
monitoring and reporting so that they can become leaders in accountability
for national and international commitments to sustainable and ethical
development.

Based on good practice of NDCs elsewhere, the
content of NDCs can be improved to reflect farmer
interests.
Lessons learned
can be tailored
to different
national
priorities and
contexts.

CLIMATE POLICY WINDOWS OUTSIDE OF COP

GLOBAL PROCESSES

Strengthen farmer
participation in
climate policy at
multiple levels &
through various
channels.

• Formal, inclusive multi-
stakeholder processes and
meetings organised by national
government
• NFOs must be active in these
policy spaces, nominating
representatives to deliver key
messages to government.
• Submit formal statements
representing farmer interests.
Participation in
government-led
consultations

Map out key policy
processes
• Establish the status of updating of the
climate policies (ie. NDC timelines,
processes, key stakeholder engagement
opportunities)
• NFOs can try getting linked into the
process through other connections
(research institutes and consultants
already involved).

NFOs should be proactively
engaged in the entire policy
cycle
Know who to engage, how to
engage and what strategic
options there are for strategic
policy intervention.
Strengthen legitimacy and
ownership of climate policies
for farmers in the region.

Strengthen relationships
and build trust
• NFOs need to identify influential policy
makers that can help alert them to
policy windows, engagement
opportunities, champion an agriculturally
sensitive climate advocacy agenda.
• Practical ways to go about this - write a
letter requesting engagement, active
engagement in key meetings and on
social media.

Engage other platforms
dealing with climate
issues
• Local and provincial government
departments or units have been
developing their own climate
strategies and plans.
• Parliamentary portfolio committees
provide an oversight role on all climate
change programmes implemented by
government.
• Representation on Presidential Panels,
Inter-governmental Forums etc

Representation on
national climate change
negotiating teams
• NFOs are strategic partners that
represent broader farmer
constituencies at COP.
• NFOs should advocate for
representation on negotiating teams,
as well as for financial support to
participate.

Use social media and
communication tools
• Social media, blogs and advocacy
chatrooms can broadcast climate
advocacy campaigns, pitch a persuasive
statement, and expand collaborations
with other climate advocacy networks.
• Social media and online chat facilities
can bridge this gap and support the
engagement of farmers with policy
makers.

Organised,
representative, informed
farmer engagement
• Effective engagement is more likely
through alliances and network groups
that represent broader farmer
groupings.
• A common voice of NFOs, one which is
recognized by government and with
which government can liaise.
• NFOs must remain committed to its
objectives over a longer period.

Strengthening farmers agency for engagement in
climate policy

Engage on farmer
platforms to
strengthen
awareness,
technical and
advisory capacities
Take advantage
of training and
capacity building
programmes on
climate policy
and negotiations
Expand peer
learning
amongst
NFOs
Build
partnerships
with like
minded,
supportive
stakeholders
Policy capacity and
engagement
knowledge.
Technical, human, and
financial resources to
effectively engage
policy makers on a
sustained basis,
especially considering
the drawn-out nature
of the policy process.

THANK YOU