Brigitte L. Maass
Maziwa Zaidi & Steering Committee workshop 8-10
October 2014 at Giraffe Ocean View Hotel, Dar es Salaam,
Tanzania

Outline
Introduction
Progress along MilkIT project objectives
o Institutional strengthening
o Productivity enhancement
o Knowledge sharing
Outlook

Introduction
Title:
o Enhancing Dairy-based Livelihoods in India and the
United Republic of Tanzania through Feed Innovation
and Value Chain Development Approaches
Purpose:
o To contribute to improved dairy-supported livelihoods in
India and Tanzania via intensification of smallholder
production focusing on feed enhancement using
innovation and value chain approaches.
o Links to IFAD grant policy: innovative technologies and
approaches, capacity strengthening, knowledge sharing.

Progress along MilkIT Project components
1. Institutional strengthening
o Innovation platform approach
2. Productivity enhancement
o Feed is a key issue but enhancing feed availability requires
a broad approach
 Traditionally attempt to introduce or promote improved feed
technologies at farm level, but rarely had the intended benefits
o Focusing on feed in a value chain perspective
 will necessarily need to consider issues beyond feed including
enhancing breed quality and health status of dairy cows
3. Knowledge sharing
o South-South learning (India to Tanzania)
MilkIT Tanzania

Component 1. Institutional strengthening
Selection of regions and sites
Sites selected
o In each region, 4 villages selected from 2 districts
o Agreed village Innovation Platform structure
 30 participants
 Producers (60%) &
 Other VC stakeholders (40%)
MilkIT Tanzania

Tanga
Region
Morogoro
Region
MilkIT action
sites

• DVC & FEAST conducted at
village level
• FEAST & DVC feedback to
villages
• IP sensitization meetings
• IP member election
• IPs agree on their
functioning guidelines
• Implement action research
• Implement other
interventions
• District CMT sensitization
• Regional Platform meetings
to implement agreed actions
Process used in establishing Innovation Platforms
Morogoro
KilosaMvomero
1 2 3 4
Tanga
HandeniLushoto
5 6 7 8

Advances in Morogoro + Tanga Regions
 Training on functioning of IPs by a consultant
o Identification of specific challenges
o Development of specific village IP workplans
o Development of general guidelines about the functioning of an
innovation platform or 'Jukwaa' (in Swahili)
 Establishing IPs
o Decision on composition + election of leaders
o Establish sub-committees according to identified challenges
 e.g., feed, land, water, milk price, market, animal husbandry, housing
o Registration at District level, opening bank accounts
 Some IPs request fees from participants
o Holding regular meetings – partly getting very big (>80
participants, often strong women participation!)

Innovation platform actors at village level
Skin processor
group
Input suppliers
Producers
Producer
group
Village
governance
Village
Innovation
Platform
Land
committee
Livestock
extension
Milk processor
group
Credit
(Village
Saccos)

Membership of the innovation platform in Wami Sokoine
village, Mvomero district, Morogoro region
IP Member
Male
20
15
IP Secretary
Female
10
5 Village Chairman
Village Executive officer
Input Supplier Land Committee
IP treasurer Milk Producer Group Livestock Extension Officer
IP Chairwoman Skin Processor Group Village Sacos
0 Stakeholders
Livestock keepers Value Chain actors Network Partner
Membership of the innovation platform in Wami Sokoine village, Mvomero district, Morogoro region
Drawing by Diep Pham

Issues at village level in Morogoro + Tanga
 Some village IPs managed to show a way towards resolving
some common challenges within their villages
 In some villages, still lack of understanding of the
power of collective action
o They wait until they are told to do something
o The project still wants to do further training on IP functioning
 IP participation fees
o The level of fees and regulations that non-paying people are not
admitted to meetings could hamper the functioning of a pro-
poor oriented village IP
o Important to follow up, what the collected funds are being used
for - needs monitoring

Institutional strengthening by Innovation
Platform approach
At village level
o Overall 8 village Innovation Platforms
At regional level
o Tanga Dairy Platform
o Morogoro Dairy Platform
At national level
o Dairy Development
Forum (DDF)

Model of interaction between different platform levels:
Tanga
District District
Village
IP
Regional Dairy Platform
Village
IP
Village
IP
Village
IP
Action
research
Inter-
vention
Action
research
Inter-
vention
Tanzania DDF
District Council
Management Team
MilkIT Tanzania

Tanga Dairy Platform
 Founded in December 2008 by a group of dairy
enthusiasts and facilitated by the British NGO Research
Into Use (RIU)
o Development of the platform documented by Cadilhon et al.
(2014)
o Some video clips – Tanzanian Dairy Film – developed by IRLI
around the functioning and actions of the Platform
o MilkIT project is a platform participant
 Purpose: To better use the income opportunities in the
dairy sector through enhancing production, processing
and marketing of milk in the smallholder sector in
Tanga (farmers and pastoralists)

TANGA DAIRY PLATFORM – JUKWAA
Private Transporters
Min. of Finance,
Min. of Livestock,
Dairy Board, City
Council, TAMPA
and TAMPRODA,
Min. of Trade
Tanga Fresh,
Ammy
Brothers,
Ian
Dairies,
Moran
Tanzania
SACCOS,
Farm friends,
Tanzania,
CRDB,
NMB, NIC,
Insurance
Company,
CXIM Bank,
PASS
Establish and
strengthening farmer
groups/organizations
which can ensure a
continuous and reliable
quantity at least 500 l/d
and coding facilities
Provision of reliable
transport services to
collect the milk
Processing units
able to process milk into
diversified products all
the year round and
reliable
Marketing and
consumer awareness
raising to enhance the
culture of milk drinking
Feeding regimes which
ensure constant supply
of feeds all year round
Advisory services and
drugs for animal health,
production and
insemination
Reliable supply of
infrastructure, utilities
like electricity and water
Provision of credit
facilities matching the
risks involved in dairy
and livestock
Tax regimes that
favor and promote
milk processing
Secure land ownership
that encourages
investment by
livestock farmers
Strengthening
apex institutions of pro-
cessors and producers
coordinating internally
members and providing
services internally and
externally
How to use the income
opportunities in the dairy
sector through enhancing
production, processing
and marketing of milk in
the smallholder sector in
Tanga (Farmers and
Pastoralists)
TAMPRODA, TAMPA and
Cooperative Union,
Tanzania Dairy Board,
Heifer Project in Tanzania
TAMPA, TAMPRODA, TDCU, LGA, LEAT BUHURI, SINGIDA
Min. of Livestock, Min. of
Land, City Council, LGA
LGAs, agricare, farmer center,
mkwakwani, Holland Dairy, Sustainable
rural agriculture and TAN Veterinary
Buhuri livestock centers, Holland dairies,
Mwafaka, Vikuge, Tanga Dairy
Dairy board, TAMPA, TAMPRODA,
ADVERT companies, consumers
representative
TANESCO, REX
solar, TFA, UWASA,
SIDO, PROMACO

Morogoro Dairy Platform
Stakeholder meeting in April 2013
Launched in April 2014
o Facilitation by a consultant
o Identification of main challenges and training on
functioning of an innovation platform (IP)
Platform meeting in June 2014
o Facilitation from within the
platform
o Sub-committees formed along
identified challenges
Platform meeting upcoming
in October 2014

Facilitators
from within
Regional IP
RESEARCH:
SUA, TALIRI,
CIAT/ILRI
POLICY MAKERS:
Regional + District
Governments
PRODUCERS:
Dairy farmers + farmer
groups (village-IPs)
INPUT &
SERVICE
PROVIDERS:
Agro dealers
NGOs &
CBOs:
HPI, SNV,
HiMWA, …
MILK
TRADERS/
PROCESSORS:
Shambani Milk
COMMUNICATION
:
Radio
CREDIT &
FINANCE:
???
TRAINING &
EXTENSION:
LITA,
Meeting June 2014

Model of interaction between different platform levels:
Morogoro
District District
Village
IP
Regional Dairy Platform
Village
IP
Village
IP
Village
IP
Action
research
Inter-
vention
Action
research
Inter-
vention
Tanzania DDF
District Council
Management Team
MilkIT Tanzania

Component 2. Productivity enhancement
Feed assessment
o Training on FEAST tool in
Morogoro & Tanga regions
 26 participants were trained
o FEAST surveys in all 8 villages
 104 Farmers for individual interviews
 306 Farmers in FGDs
o FEAST reports compiled from 4
districts
 Challenges identified and solutions
proposed are possible entry points and
mark the pillars for IP functioning
Individual interview
Focus Group Discussion
MilkIT Tanzania

Productivity enhancement
FEAST key results
 Seasonality of feed results in
seasonal milk production
 Grazing is main feed source in
extensive system; higher diversity
of feed stuffs in semi-intensive/
intensive system
 FEAST participants did not
perceive feeds or feeding as key
constraints
 Principle constraints identified
were land, water and markets for
livestock and milk; genetic
potential of cattle and livestock
diseases; lack of knowledge on
animal husbandry
Seasonal feed availability in Twatwatwa
village, Kilosa District, and Manyinga village,
Mvomero District, Morogoro Region
MilkIT Tanzania

Identification of intervention strategies
emerging from dairy value chain analysis
Constraints from past
feed interventions
o Limited number of
adopted feed technologies
o High resource costs of
technologies in terms of
labour and accessibility
o Proper packaging and
dissemination of
technologies is needed
o Mostly limited to intensive
smallholder dairy
production
Identified technical
interventions at MilkIT
sites
o Pasture establishment &
management
o Demonstration plots
o Pasture seed supply
o Forage conservation
o Training on feeds and
feeding
o Feeding routine
o General cattle husbandry
MilkIT Tanzania

Planting forages in MorogoroPlanting forages in Tanga

Introduction of improved forages: issues
Forage seeds and planting materials
o Availability very limited, both in terms of quantity and
quality
Weather conditions are challenging
o Pasture areas depend on rainfall only
o Forage establishment in pastoral
areas partly poor due to effects of
planting material, soil condition
(e.g. water logging) and irregular
rainfall
 Need for optimizing techniques

Other interventions
Training on
o Forage husbandry and utilization
o Forage conservation
o Animal feeding, nutrition and
husbandry, housing
MilkIT Tanzania

Some highlights after technical training
Mbuzii village/Lushoto
o Some farmers have applied manure to the grasses
o Two farmers have prepared silage on their own – in plastic
bags as they were instructed during the previous technical
training
Farmers from Lushoto appreciated new Napier grass
cultivars (a hybrid and Kakamega II) as compared
to their traditional variety
o They liked the new ones better because of faster growth,
higher tiller number, more leafiness as well as broader and
softer leaves when ready to harvest

Farmers discussing issues at Ubiri
forage demo plot
Photo © W. Mangesho

Farmers discussing issues at Mbuzii demo plot
Photo © W. Mangesho

Ubiri farmers appreciating hay
made by their fellow Mbuzii
farmers
Photo © W. Mangesho

Farmers from Ubiri and Mbuzii
visiting the milk processing at
Tanga Fresh Ltd.
Photo © W. Mangesho

Photo © F. Wassena
Farmers from Manyinga visiting Tanga Fresh milk factory in Tanga

Photo © F. Wassena
Farmers from Manyinga visiting
Tanga Fresh milk factory in Tanga

Farmers from Manyinga visiting
Amani village: Milk collection
center
Photo © F. Wassena

Farmers from Manyinga visiting
the MILK HUB – collection center
and agro-shop in Amani village
Photo © F. Wassena

Farmers from Manyinga at TALIRI -Tanga dairy unit:
record keeping and dairy cattle & calf management
Photo © F. Wassena

Photo © F. Wassena
Farmers from Manyinga visiting
the fodder garden at TALIRI-Tanga

Photo © F. Wassena
Farmers from Manyinga observing
forage varieties at TALIRI-Tanga

Farmers from Manyinga visiting
an individual farmer’s dairy unit
in Amani village
Photo © F. Wassena

Organizational interventions
Rehabilitation of water sources in Kibaya village
Decision for milk bulking in Kibaya village
Establishing land registry office in Twatwatwa as a step
to solve land issues.
Removal of Acacia trees within individual Olalili to solve
the issue of encroachment in Twatwatwa village
Farmers self-trainings and livestock records (population,
deaths and births) in Manyinga village
Farmers self-trainings and exchange visits in Ubiri and
Mbuzii villages
MilkIT Tanzania

Component 3. Knowledge sharing
MilkIT integration with other
actors under Maziwa Zaidi
Tanga & Morogoro dairy platforms
o Participating in regular meetings
DDF – Tanzania Dairy
Development Forum
o Emphasis on feeds/forages + feeding
Tanzanian fairs & exhibitions
o Maziwa week exhibition
o Nanenane agricultural exhibition
Joint steering committee with
MoreMilkiT project
Tanga
Platform
Maziwa week
MilkIT Tanzania

Knowledge sharing – contd.
Sharing of common tools with MilkIT in India
Shared MilkIT Wiki: http://milkit.wikispaces.com/
o Space to share process with partners and interested
‘outsiders’
o Online database for our reports
o Partners are encouraged to use
Annual regional review and planning meetings
across MilkIT project – India & Tanzania
Scientific presentations at conferences
o Planned articles for international journals
MilkIT Tanzania

Outlook for 2014 and beyond
Planning a project synthesis meeting in December
 8-12 December
 Lessons learned!
Village IP sustainability?
 Action research implemented in villages
 Further interventions identified and initiated
 Attached students conducting research
Regional platforms
 Morogoro
Research opportunity?
 Scaling up IP model vs. hubs?
MilkIT Tanzania

Acknowledgement of funds coming from IFAD
MilkIT Tanzania
http://www.CIAT.CGIAR.org/
Science to cultivate change