Assessment of the Dairy Cattle Feeding Systems in East Africa B. Lukuyu, A. Duncan and I. Baltenweck The fifth All Africa Conference on Animal Agriculture and the 18 th Annual Meeting of the Ethiopian Society of Animal Production (EASP). October 25-28, 2010, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Representation of the EADD hub model along the dairy value chain

Geographic distribution of surveyed households

Summary of number of sites and farmers surveyed Country No of target households No project hubs/sites No surveyed hubs (1/3) Sample size (household survey) Sample size (Feed module) Kenya 110,000 17 5 525 175 Rwanda 24,000 10 3 302 101 Uganda 45,000 15 5 450 150 Total 179,000 42 13 1277 426

Percent (%) of dairy farmers utilizing various cattle keeping systems now and 10 years ago for exotic and cross breeds Message: the feeding system is changing towards stall feeding

Percent of dairy farmers utilizing various cattle systems Pearson chi-square=106.54 *** Kenya Rwanda Uganda All countries (N=422) (N=126) (N=211) (N=759) Only grazing (Free-range) 53.6 43.7 81.0 59.6 Mainly grazing with some stall feeding 28.0 14.3 13.3 21.6 Mainly stall feeding with some grazing 4.0 4.0 2.4 3.6 Only stall feeding (Zero grazing) 14.5 38.1 3.3 15.3

Percentage of households with cattle farms growing and using forages Message: Napier grass and crop residues form a large proportion of the feed resources

Percentage of dairy farmers citing various sources of fodder and forages

Percentage of households with cattle utilizing concentrate feeds Message: Concentrate use is on the increase

Average distance (kms) covered from the homestead Water is found > 5 km radius in grazing systems in the dry season Water if found < 5 km radius in all feeding systems in the wet season Country System Dry season Wet season 0-5 0-10 0-5 Kenya Grazing 0.7 7.3 0.6 Grazing + Stall feeding 0.6 0 0.4 Stall feeding + grazing 0.2 0 0.2 Zero grazing 0.4 0 0.4 Rwanda Grazing 1.8 6.7 1.6 Grazing + Stall feeding 1.3 0 1.3 Stall feeding + grazing 1.9 0 1.4 Zero grazing 1.3 0 1.3 Uganda Grazing 1.2 7.3 0.8 Grazing + Stall feeding 0.7 6 0.7 Stall feeding + grazing 2 0 0.6 Zero grazing 0.7 0 0.7

% of dairy farmers covering distances (km) by system Country System Dry season Wet season HH 0-5 0-10 HH 0-5 0-10 Kenya Grazing 8 90 2 11 89 0 Grazing + Stall feeding 25 75 0 30 67 0 Stall feeding + grazing 31 69 0 37 63 0 Zero grazing 25 75 0 40 60 0 Rwanda Grazing 0 94 6 0 96 4 Grazing + Stall feeding 0 100 0 0 100 0 Stall feeding + grazing 20 80 0 20 80 0 Zero grazing 2 98 0 2 98 0 Uganda Grazing 1 95 4 4 96 0 Grazing + Stall feeding 4 93 6 8 92 0 Stall feeding + grazing 20 80 0 20 80 0 Zero grazing 0 100 0 0 100 0