Unlocking livestock development potential through science, influence and capacity development
ILRI APM, Addis Ababa, 15-17 May 2013
Developing capacity Influencing decisions
The
Infec)ous
Diseases
of
East
Africa
Livestock
(IDEAL)
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Lisence
May
2013
3 strategic lessons on:
1. 5
PhDs
and
4
MSc
trained
2. Several
staff
given
technical
skills
3. Summary
of
the
research
findings
shared
with
the
local
community
Use
a
maximum
of
three
pictures
and
figures
Kiara
HK,
Bronsvoort
BM
deC,
HanoRe
O,
Coetzer
JAW,
Toye
PG,
Woolhouse
MEJ
(On
behalf
of
the
IDEAL
consor)um)
Delivering science
Introduc3on
Livestock
diseases
are
responsible
for
enormous
produc)vity
losses.
In
the
past
there
has
been
a
tendency
to
study
them
as
single
en))es
but
in
reality
animals
are
infected
by
mul)ple
pathogens.
Their
impacts
are
unlikely
to
be
independent.
They
interact
to
influence
their
outcome
posi)vely
or
nega)vely.
Thus,
it
is
necessary
to
study
the
en)re
disease
burden
in
order
to
have
beRer
understanding
of
their
impact.
Project/ac3vity
The
IDEAL
project
was
a
3-­‐year
longitudinal
field
study
of
about
500
calves
from
birth
to
one
year.
Calves
were
monitored
to
detect
all
types
of
infec)ons.
Samples
were
collected
and
screened
for
a
wide
range
of
pathogens.
Parasitological,
haematological,
gene)c
characterisa)on,
growth
rates
as
well
as
farm
characteris)cs
were
measured.
A
biobank
of
all
the
samples
(over
100,000)
was
created.
Goals
The
objec)ves
of
the
project
were
to:
• Remedy
the
widely
recognised
lack
of
baseline
epidemiological
data
on
the
impacts
of
infec)ous
diseases
of
caRle
in
East
Africa
• Determine
whether
the
nega)ve
impacts
of
infec)ons
are
independent
of
one
another
or
are
synergis)c
or
antagonis)c
• Determine
whether
the
‘posi)ve’
traits
such
as
resistance
to
infec)on/disease,
good
condi)on,
beRer
produc)vity
cluster
in
certain
individuals
Focus
Agro-­‐pastoral
produc)on
system
in
western
Kenya
Results
• The
study
popula)on
was
gene)cally
homogenous
with
an
admixed
gene)c
cons)tu)on
of
84%
Asian
zebu
and
16%
African
taurine
ancestries.
• More
than
60
different
pathogens
were
iden)fied.
Calves
were
co-­‐infected
with
an
average
of
6
pathogens
at
any
single
)me
point.
• More
than
half
of
the
calves
did
not
get
any
clinical
episode
and
only
16%
of
the
calves
got
more
than
one
clinical
episode
in
one
year.
• Growth
rate
averaged
130g
per
day
but
there
was
a
10-­‐fold
difference
among
calves.
Infec)on
with
T.parva
reduced
growth
by
14%.
Co-­‐
infec)ons
with
different
pathogens
reduced
this
effect
or
made
it
worse.
• Mortality
from
all
causes
was
16%
while
that
from
infec)ous
causes
was
13%.
Three
diseases
(ECF,
haemonchosis
and
heartwater)
accounted
for
two
thirds
of
the
mortality.
Partners
University
of
Edinburgh,
the
University
of
Pretoria,
the
University
of
Nogngham,
Department
of
Veterinary
Services
in
Kenya.
1. At
least
10
manuscripts
submiRed
to
peer
reviewed
journals
2. Demonstrated
the
impact
of
co-­‐infec)ons
in
caRle
for
the
first
)me
3. Demonstrated
the
effect
of
inbreeding
and
European
introgression
on
the
fitness
of
indigenous
caRle
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Frequency
Defini3ve
causes
of
mortality
Gene)c
Structure
of
the
study
popula)on
1. A
report
of
the
major
findings
and
their
policy
implica)ons
made
to
the
Director
of
Veterinary
Services
in
Kenya