Challenges in Delivery of Animal
Health Services
Henry Kiara, ILRI
Follow-up Meeting to Discuss Private sector Participation in
Animal Health Services, ILRI, Nairobi, 7 November 2019

Challenges in Delivery of Animal Health Services in
LMICs
• Low level of investments in agriculture and especially in
livestock development
• Funding for AH services has declined in many counties
since devolution
• The nature of livestock production
• Lack of infrastructure-remote areas, lack of roads, cold
chain
• High poverty levels, low levels of education
• New and emerging diseases

Distribution and spread of PPR 2000-2014. The countries reporting outbreaks in the periods
1998-2000 and 2008-2010. Source: Official country reports to the World Organization for
Animal Health (OIE).
1998-2000 2008-2010
Disease has been spreading
2014
Spread of PPR 1998-2014

Consequences
• Inadequate AH services offered by unqualified personnel
(general merchants)
• High morbidity and mortality from preventable diseases
• Frequent market disruption due to outbreaks of market
sensitive diseases
• High incidence of zoonotic diseases-brucellosis, TB, Anthrax
• Widespread use of fake and counterfeit drugs

The burden of some animal diseases
Disease Impact
(billions US$)
Reference Control Options
Tryapanosomosis 1.34 Kristjanson, et al.2009. Traps
Aerial spray
ITC
SIT
Chemotherapy
Foot and Mouth
Disease
6.5-21.0 Knight-Jones and
Rushton 2013
Vaccine
CBPP 2.0
0.6
AU-IBAR 2013
GALVmed
Vaccine
CCPP 0.5 GALVmed Vaccine
PPR 1.475 (794-2.7) Mariner et al.2016 Vaccine
NCD 2.0 GALVmed Vaccine
TBD 1.39-1.870 Atif et al. 2012
McLeod and
Kristjanson,1999
Chemotherapy
Tick control
Vaccines (ECF, Tropical
theileriosis)
Gastrointestinal
Parasites
? Anthelmintics
Pasture management

Can the situation be changed ?
• Under AVCD Funded by USAID
piloted some innovations in AH
delivery
• Stronger role for the private
sector would improve access to
AHS
• Can a profitable private AHS
delivery be established in the
ASALs?
• What conditions (policies
/regulations?) would enhance
their viability

Public-Private Partnership in AH Delivery

Mobile AH delivery
• The project to take
some risks of the private
AHSP
• Run a mobile clinic to
provide services through
a scheduled route
through watering points,
markets etc.
• Isiolo, Marsabit and
Garissa
• Assess profitability and
Sustainability

Result
The mobile runs were not profitable
• High cost of transport and personnel
• Restricted from delivering vaccines which is what
livestock keepers wanted
• The law did not appear to prohibit private sector
participation
• Commissioned a review of veterinary laws
• Engaged the Directorate of veterinary services to
clarify the matter

Stakeholder workshop to clarify legal position
• 18th July DVS held a stakeholder meeting to clarify the
position
• Signed 9 resolutions regarding private sector role
• in animal health delivery
• Urge the DVS to issue a circular clarifying the roles and responsibilities
of the county director of veterinary services and the private sector in
delivery of veterinary medicines and vaccines in accordance with the
existing laws and regulations

Expected outcome
That this meeting will give a clear
plan on how the private sector can be
involved in vaccine delivery
• What
• by who
• when

CGIAR Research Program on Livestock
livestock.cgiar.org
The CGIAR Research Program on Livestock aims to increase the productivity and profitability of livestock agri-food
systems in sustainable ways, making meat, milk and eggs more available and affordable across the developing world.
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