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S31: Sustainability
1October20209h00–10h30

Speakers
Matthew Stone
World Organisation for Animal
Health
Deputy Director General
International Standards and Science
Delia Grace Randolph
International Livestock Research
Institute
Professor Food Safety Systems,
Natural Resources Institute,
University of Greenwich
Peter Ben Embarek
Word Health Organization
Unit Head a.i. Monitoring of
Nutrition and Food Safety
Events (MNF)
Department of Nutrition and
Food Safety
S31: Sustainability
Christiane Wolf
World Trade Organization
Counsellor, Head of SPS Section
Juan Carlos Vásquez
CITES Secretariat
Chief, Legal Affairs and
Compliance

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Delia Grace
1 October 2020 9h00 – 10h30
Professor Food Safety Systems, Natural Resources Institute, UK
Scientist, International Livestock Research Institute, Kenya

7 Deadly Drivers of the next
pandemic
 Demand for animal source food
 Changes in food supply chains
 Unsustainable intensification
 Increased use of wildlife
 Degradation of natural environment
 Climate change
 Travel, trade and transportation
Ref: United Nations Environment Programme and International Livestock Research
Institute. 2020. Preventing the next pandemic: Zoonotic diseases and how to break the
chain of transmission. Nairobi, Kenya: UNEP. (Delia Grace first author and team leader)

5
Warning! Increasing frequency of pandemics
Graphics: Annabel Slater, ILRI; adapted fromUnited Nations Environment Programme and International Livestock Research Institute (2020).
Preventing the Next Pandemic: Zoonotic diseases and how to break the chain of transmission. Nairobi, Kenya.

Most (75%) emerging diseases come from animals
Ref: Grace D, Mutua F, Ochungo P, Kruska R, Jones K, Brierley L, Lapar L, Said M, Herrero M, Phuc PM, Thao NB, Akuku I and
Ogutu F. 2012. Mapping of poverty and likely zoonoses hotspots. Zoonoses Project 4. Report to the UK Department for
International Development. Nairobi, Kenya: ILRI

Diseases affecting export
Ref: Grace, D., Songe, M. and Knight-Jones, T. 2015. Impact of neglected diseases on animal
productivity and public health in Africa. Paper written for 21st conference of the World
Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) regional commission for Africa, Rabat, Morocco, 16-20
February 2015. Nairobi: ILRI

• Evidence based methodology
• Transparent, facilitates communication
• Science-based, reproducible, falsifiable
• Standard for international trade
• “Health and safety aspects of Codex
decisions and recommendations should
be based on risk assessment”
• Differentiate between hazard and risk
• Allow risk targeting
• Allow identification of critical control points
De-risking trade

Trade large and increasing: some products and places
intrinsically high risk
Large volume of trade is informal and linked to ‘porous’
cross-border livestock trade routes requires innovative
solutions involving range of stakeholders
Opportunities for new technologies : electronic
certification, traceability of animals, disease
management (penside tests, fever detectors), ICT
platforms, etc.
Harmonizing livestock/meat import requirements among
countries important – OIE major role
Trust but verify
Key learnings
Ref: Mtimet, N., Grace, D., Wieland, B., Knight-Jones, T., Wanyoike, F., Rich, K., Perry, B., Kiara,
H., Mutai, F. and Ballantyne, P. 2020. Better enforcement of standards for safer trade in
livestock and livestock products across the Red Sea: Feasibility study for a joint Horn of Africa-
Arabian Peninsula initiative. Paris, France: World Organisation for Animal Health.

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